Portulaca

Portulaca villosa

Purslane ( Portulaca ) is the only plant genus of the family of Portulakgewächse ( Portulacaceae ) in the order of clove -like ( Caryophyllales ) within the angiosperms.

  • 4.1 Literature
  • 4.2 Notes and references

Description

Portulaca species grow as annuals or perennial herbaceous plants. Many species are succulent by thickened leaves, thickened stem axis or storage roots. The stems are erect to creeping. Most of the annual species are delicate and tiny.

The leaves are usually alternate, rarely arranged on opposite sides. The simple, sessile leaves are flat to terete, often fleshy and almost always entire. Stipules usually absent; they are present, they form axillary hair.

The often terminally standing, zymösen or rarely paniculate inflorescences contain from one to 30 flowers and bracts. The sessile flowers are usually large and conspicuous, however, short-lived and often kleistogam. Almost all species are hermaphroditic. Unisexual flowers occur only very rarely and then the species dioecious getrenntgeschlechtig ( dioecious ). The sepals are probably not real, but shifted, modified bracts ( bracts ), while representing the petals shifted sepals and petals are missing real. There are usually many ( rarely four, usually six to 40, rarely to 100) stamens present. The ovary is inferior or semi- inferior. In many species, the flowers open only in sunshine, so they are like many other species of different genera, midday flowers.

They form seed capsules that open in cross-section and contain many seeds. The tiny seeds are rarely brown, usually iridescent gray to glossy black and globose to kidney-shaped.

The chromosome numbers be n = 4, 5, 8, 9

Dissemination

The Portulakgewächse are, distributed to the polar regions of the world. Its main distribution area is located in the southern hemisphere. They thrive mostly in arid tropical and subtropical areas. Centers of distribution are in Africa and South America. Only a few species inhabit temperate regions.

System

Outer systematics

In recent years, carried out DNA analyzes have confirmed the long- held suspicion that the Portulakgewächse are not a homogeneous, monophyletic family but are pronounced paraphyletic. Due to the huge variability of the plants are morphological features and even the otherwise "conservative" force as flower features no reliable means for distinguishing genera and species. This meant that today only the genus Portulaca has remained in the family. The vast number of formerly classified here genera are now included in the family of Montiaceae.

Very closely related to the Portulacaceae s.str. the cactus family ( Cactaceae ), Anacampserotaceae and Talinaceae. Recent research suggests that these are nested even within the Portulakgewächse. If the cacti remain an independent family that Portulakgewächse would be divided into at least two separate families. Either leaves you the Portulacaceae S. L. as paraphyletic family or - if one allows only monophyletic taxa - there are s.str mono- generic family as Portulacaceae, Anacampserotaceae and Talinaceae. .

Also related are relatively close to those at a clade Halophytaceae, Didiereaceae, Basellaceae and Montiaceae. According to the latest research results, it is proposed to include the recent genera of Portulakgewächse Calyptrotheca, Ceraria and Portulacaria to Didiereaceae.

Inside systematics

The first scientific description of the genus Portulaca was made in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in his work Species Plantarum. The family Portulacaceae was published in 1789 by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in Genera Plantarum. The type species is Portulaca oleracea L. Synonyms of the genus are Lemia Vand. (1788 ), Merida Neck. (1790), Portulacca Haw. (1812, nom. Inval. ICBN article 61.1 ), Lamia Endl. (1839 ) and Sedopsis ( Endl. ) Exell & Mendonca (1937 ).

The genus Portulaca include the following types:

  • Portulaca amilis Speg.
  • Portulaca argentinensis Speg.
  • Portulaca aurantiaca Proctor
  • Portulaca bicolor F.Muell.
  • Portulaca brevifolia Urb.
  • Portulaca bulbifera M.G.Gilbert
  • Portulaca californica D.Legrand
  • Portulaca cardenasiana D.Legrand
  • Portulaca carrissoana ( Exell & Mendonça ) Nyananyo
  • Portulaca caulerpoides Britton & P.Wilson
  • Portulaca ciferrii Chiov.
  • Portulaca clavigera R.Geesink
  • Portulaca collina Dinter
  • Portulaca colombiana D.Legrand
  • Portulaca commutata M.G.Gilbert
  • Portulaca confertifolia Hauman
  • Portulaca conoidea S.M.Phillips
  • Portulaca constricta M.G.Gilbert
  • Portulaca conzattii P.Wilson
  • Portulaca coralloides S.M.Phillips
  • Portulaca cryptopetala Speg.
  • Portulaca cubensis Britton & P.Wilson
  • Portulaca cyclophylla F.Muell.
  • Portulaca decorticans M.G.Gilbert
  • Portulaca diegoi Mattos
  • Portulaca digyna F.Muell.
  • Portulaca echinosperma Hauman
  • Portulaca eitenii D.Legrand
  • Portulaca elatior Mart. ex Rohrb.
  • Portulaca elongata Rusby
  • Portulaca eruca Hauman
  • Portulaca fascicularis Peter
  • Portulaca filsonii J.H.Willis
  • Portulaca fluvialis D.Legrand
  • Portulaca foliosa Ker Gawl. ; with the varieties: Portulaca foliosa var foliosa
  • Portulaca foliosa var lateritia Poelln.
  • Portulaca pilosa subsp. decipiens ( Poelln. ) R.Geesink
  • Portulaca pilosa subsp. lakhonensis ( Gagnep. ) R.Geesink
  • Portulaca pilosa subsp. okinawensis ( E.Walker & Tawada ) R.Geesink
  • Portulaca pilosa subsp. pilosa
  • Portulaca pilosa subsp. sundaensis ( Poelln. ) R.Geesink
  • Portulaca pilosa subsp. villosa ( Cham. ) R.Geesink
  • Portulaca umbraticola subsp. coronata (Small) J.F.Matthews & Ketron
  • Portulaca umbraticola subsp. lanceolata ( Engelm. ) J.F.Matthews & Ketron
  • Portulaca umbraticola subsp. umbraticola

Swell

  • The Portulacaceae in APWebsite family. ( Section systematics)
  • Reto Nyffeler: The closest relatives of cacti: insights from phylogenetic Analyses of chloroplast and mitochondrial sequences with special emphasis on relationships in the tribe Anacampseroteae, in American Journal of Botany, 94, 2007, pp. 89-101. Online. ( Section systematics)
  • James F. Matthews: The genus Portulaca - in the Flora of North America, Volume 4, page 496: Online. (English )
  • Dequan Lu & Michael G. Gilbert: Portulacaceae in the Flora of China, Volume 5, 2003, pp. 442-444: The genus Portulaca - Online. (English )
  • JG West: The genus Portulaca in New South Wales Flora Online. (English )
  • H.R. Coleman & Leslie Watson: Portulaca in the Western Australian Flora: Online, 2008.
Portulaca grandiflora Perennial plant Ovary (botany) Genealogical DNA test International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants
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