Puebla, Puebla
Heroica Puebla de Zaragoza on the map of Puebla
Heroica Puebla de Zaragoza ( often short Puebla) is the capital of the central Mexican state of Puebla with a population of 1,485,941 .. The nickname refers to the victory of the Mexicans over the French army led intervention in 1862. Puebla The city is also known as Puebla de los Ángeles known, they led in the colonial period. Even today, mostly in the printing units, the derived name Angelo Polis ( adjective: angelopolitano ) encountered. The Greater Puebla - Tlaxcala is by population in fourth place behind the metropolitan areas of Mexico City, Guadalajara and Monterrey. It is a famous city for its beauty, in the Old and the New Mexico meet: the workshops of Talavera ceramics and other craft products, modern industry and the four centuries old buildings of the colonial era.
Geography
Puebla is located in a central Mexican valley at 2175 m altitude and is surrounded by volcanoes and mountains of the Sierra Nevada. In the west, the valley is bounded by the 40 km from Puebla remote volcanoes, Popocatepetl and Iztaccihuatl. To the north is the inactive volcano La Malinche and the east of the valley rises the 5747 m high Pico de Orizaba up. Puebla is located in the irrigation area of the river Atoyac, which flows through the northern, eastern and southern parts of the district and is connected to the Lake Valsequillo.
Cityscape
The brick houses with patio often have held in turquoise or blue tile facade with floral ornaments and baroque elements. 1535 the convent of Santo Domingo was completed. The corresponding Capilla del Rosario is profusely decorated in baroque style with stucco ornaments and gold. The city's Cathedral with a magnificent choir was consecrated in 1588 and is the highest and second largest church in Mexico. In addition, the city received the first University of Mexico in the foundation. In addition, is still the episcopal residence worth mentioning with the large library of Bishop Juan de Palafox. The city covers - unlike European cities - over a relatively large area, which can be explained by the lack of higher multi-storey houses. Since 1987, the old town with the UNESCO is recognized as a World Heritage Site. Among the most important buildings of the colonial period include the opulently decorated cathedral from the 16th century, and the churches of Santo Domingo, San Cristobal and San Felipe Neri, and the Teatro Principal in the 18th century, is the oldest of North America.
History
The city was founded in 1531 as the Puebla de los Ángeles between Veracruz and Mexico City, to control the trade route. It is located in Cuetlaxcoapontal. Spaniard and Indian auxiliaries erected in accordance with a predetermined basic plan residential building in colonial style.
After independence (1810 ) to Puebla was transformed into a cultural center, where a group of exceptional scholars took shape: among them the later regarded as the embodiment of Mexican folk soul Francisco Javier Clavijero. In Puebla Ramos Arizpe resided until his death, the father of the German state idea. Ignacio Comonfort enforces the first reform laws.
The importance of the city is especially apparent during the second French intervention, as on 5 May 1862 the leadership of General Ignacio Zaragoza defeated the Mexican forces ( on the hilly terrain of Loreto and Guadalupe ), the French army. The 5th of May is for this reason a national holiday ( Cinco de Mayo ). The capture of the city by General Porfirio Díaz on April 2, 1867 was the prelude to the end of the reign of Maximilian.
During the porfiriato the town has preserved its reputation and was transformed into a center of recreation and education, but also an important center of economic development, because here was a flourishing textile industry.
At the same time, immigration from Europe, which in Puebla mainly Spanish, Italian, German, French and Lebanese settled. The Spaniards put among them is the largest group, its influence is evident in the architecture and cuisine. They originate mainly of Castile, Aragon and Galicia, which is also often recognizable by their pronunciation of Spanish.
Significantly but is also of French influence, for example, on his monument, a gift from the French community, but also in the kitchen, especially the bread.
The Italians settled late 19th century in the nearby Chipilo: More than 600 Veneto of northern Italy, a wandering what the features of the architecture and the kitchen explains to which even today is one of the polenta. The Italian dialect of the place of origin can still be heard in the area of Chipilo today. Similarly, customs and traditions of Italy are still alive.
The Germans first settled in the Humboldt colony, where they built in the typical Bavarian style homes. The most impressive building of its time is the Lutheran Church. This includes the establishment of the German school Colegio Alemán Alexander von Humboldt, who served the cultivation of the German language and culture. After the Second World War, it was re-opened and is now an international meeting school with a high proportion of students of Mexican descent. The Oktoberfest Puebla, which was attended by 2005, more than 4,000 Poblaner is probably the largest to Mexico City. Also in the architecture of Nuevo Necaxa shows clear German influences. By setting up the Volkswagen plant in the north of the town increased the influx of Germans on.
Among the residents for generations immigrants also include the Lebanese and Jewish traders. The Arab tacos have thus become a specialty of the restaurant business.
The end of the porfiriato is inconceivable without Puebla. It was the siblings Aquiles, Carmen y Máximo Serdán who participated first in the conspiracy against the regime. They were on 18 November 1910 the first martyrs of the revolution.
1987 UNESCO declared World Heritage Site of Puebla.
Conference of Puebla
Beginning of 1979 took place in Puebla III. General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate held at which the Roman Catholic Church of Latin America, contrary to other directed efforts decided in Medellin ' option for the poor ' confirmed. The Conference of Puebla was the first major international meeting, at which the newly elected Pope John Paul II participated.
Archdiocese of Puebla de los Ángeles
- Archdiocese of Puebla de los Ángeles
Economy and infrastructure
Puebla is a center of agriculture, trade, industry and tourism in the central highlands of Mexico. The main products are textiles, glassware, ceramics, tiles, food and motor vehicles and vehicle parts.
The largest employer in the city is Volkswagen de Mexico, where until 2003 the VW Beetle was built. Currently, the Jetta, the Clasico, the Beetle and the Golf Variant there are manufactured. The New Beetle is made for the entire group exclusively in Puebla. In the city even more German and French companies are located which manufacture car parts or offer logistics services to the automotive industry.
The international airport of Puebla " Hermanos Serdán " located 23 kilometers northwest of Puebla.
Education
In Puebla, there are more than 20 universities, which is the nation's second only to Mexico City. Among other things, these are the Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BPRD, founded in 1937 ), the Universidad de las Américas ( UDLA, founded in 1940 ), the Universidad Iberoamericana (UIA ), the Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla ( UPAEP ), the Instituto Tecnológico de Puebla ( ITP), the Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey ( ITESM ), the Universidad del Valle de México (UVM ) and the Universidad Anáhuac de Puebla. Also, a German school ( Colegio Humboldt ) exists in Puebla, and one of the largest private language centers for German Language in the Americas (Centro de Idiomas Volkswagen).