Pullman Company

The Pullman Palace Car Company, founded by George Mortimer Pullman, introduced in the mid to late 19th century to the first decades of the 20th century, ie during the boom time of railway construction in the United States, wagons ago. Pullman developed a sleeping car which carried his name until the 1980s. The union, which was associated with this company, the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, was one of the most powerful African- American organizations of the 20th century.

Survey

After George Pullman one night on the train from Buffalo ( New York) to Westfield (New York) had spent, trying to sleep in his seat, he felt for the construction of a better railway passenger car inspired, equipped with bunks for all passengers. During the day the upper berths could be folded up, as is happening today with the overhead compartments in a modern airplane. At night, the upper berths were opened and the two opposing seats including could be folded so that they also formed a relatively comfortable bunk. Today, these facilities would be judged as rather spartan, noted at the time but a significant improvement over previous designs dar. curtains managed some privacy and at both ends of the car, there were washrooms for men and women.

Pullman founded in 1862 a first company and built luxury sleeping cars which were equipped with carpets, curtains and upholstered seating, libraries and card tables and other, customer service serving institutions. Pullman was due to its high market share for common name; Furthermore, the company was known by the Pullman strike, which was initiated in 1894 by its workers and union leaders: In the economic depression Pullman reduced working hours and wages but not rents his apartment buildings, where the workers lived. This led to the strike. The workers joined the American Railway Union, led by Eugene V. Debs.

Pullman cars (1910 ), who served as Business Car 101 N. Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad and now restored under the name of Abraham Lincoln was

Pullman cars in Saskatchewan Railway Museum

Lower and upper berth

After the death of George Pullman in 1897, Robert Todd Lincoln, son of Abraham Lincoln, President of the Society. The company closed its factory near Pullman ( Chicago) in 1955.

1930, in the midst of the Great Depression, bought the Pullman Standard Steel Car Company Inc. (SSC ). The new company was called the Pullman - Standard Car Manufacturing Company. This presented the production after the construction of the Amtrac Superliner 1982 and sold the rights to their designs and developments in 1987 they acquiring company Bombardier.

History

The original Pullman Palace Car Company was founded on 22 February 1867.

On January 1, 1900, the company renamed after purchase various cooperating and competing companies in The Pullman Company, which was characterized by the slogan "Too much chatter".

Founded in 1924 from the previous Pullman manufacturing department the Car & Manufacturing Co. to consolidate the Eisenbahnwagenbau the Pullman Company; the parent company of the Pullman Company, which had its offices in Denver (Colorado), changed its name on June 21, 1927 in Pullman, Inc. has to offer.

The most successful years had Pullman mid- 1920s. 1925, the company fleet grew to 9800 cars. 28,000 conductors and 12,000 servants for the passengers were employed by the Pullman Company.

In February 1931 Pullman built the last heavy regular sleeper. 1934 merged the Pullman Car & Manufacturing Co. with the Standard Steel Car Co. for the Pullman - Standard Car Manufacturing Company and continued the construction of railway carriages and trolley buses until 1982. The Standard Steel Car Company was founded on January 2, 1902, for operation Eisenbahnwagenbau in factories in Butler (Pennsylvania) and Hammond (Indiana ) before it became a subsidiary of Pullman on 1 March 1930.

1940, when just increased the orders for light rail cars and sleeping cars traffic grew, the Ministry of Justice of the United States opened in the U.S. District Court in Philadelphia an investigation against Pullman, Inc. for lack of competition ( Procedure No. 994 ). The government wanted to separate the operation of sleeping cars from Wagenbau. 1944, the court ruled that the Pullman, Inc. must be either of the Pullman Company ( sleeping car operation) or by the Pullman - Standard Car Manufacturing Company ( Eisenbahnwagenbau ) separate. After three years of negotiations, the Pullman Company was sold to a consortium of 57 railway companies for about U.S. $ 40 million.

After this separation in 1944, the Pullman Inc. was retained with the following subsidiaries, the parent company:

• Pullman Company - for the rail car operation (but not as the owner of the railroad car, they went to the 57 railway companies ) - and
• Pullman - Standard Car Manufacturing Co. - boxcar railway passenger and for the construction of.

In addition, Pullman, Inc. operational even the leasing of railway freight wagons on a large scale.

Pullman - Standard built the last light passenger cars in April 1956; the last job was Lot No. 6959 for the Union Pacific Railroad. The company continued to build cars for transport and subways, as well as to the early 1980s Superliner Amtrak.

In early 1974, delivered Pullman - Standard 750 pieces 22.86 m long subway cars in stainless steel to the New York City Transit Authority. As R46 these cars were provided along with the built in St. Louis Car Company R44 for speeds up to 113 km / h as they should be moved to the new subway line under Second Avenue in Manhattan. After Bauaufschub this line, the New York City Transit Company issued these cars also free for other lines. Pullman also built subway cars for the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority, which she uses on the Red Line. By Pullman, Inc., Pullman - Standard 1981/1982 in Pullman Technology, Inc. was renamed. Main asset was the design drawings. Under the trade name Transit America Pullman Technology marketed the construction of the Comet car for local transportation (which had been built in 1970 for the New Jersey Department of Transportation) until 1987, when Bombardier Pullman Technology bought out because of their designs and patents. By 2004, Pullman Technology was an independent subsidiary of Bombardier.

The operation of sleeping cars of the Pullman Company was set and all leases ended December 31, 1968. On January 1, 1969, the Pullman Company was disbanded and sold the company property. Outward sign of this change was at most railway companies, mainly in the case of the Union Pacific, the removal of the name of all before the Pullman Pullman Company owned car. All remaining at Pullman goods were auctioned in the vicinity of the former Pullman plant in Chicago in early 1970.

It remained the first Pullman, Inc., which split up in 1981: In April 1981, she separated from her extensive leasing activities for rail freight cars in Pullman Leasing Company. This company has been a part of ITEL Leasing, where she kept her identification PLCx. ITEL Leasing was later to GE lease.

Mid-1981 they separated their railway freight car manufacturing from the Pullman Transportation Company. Various works were closed in 1984. The remaining production facilities as well as the designs and patents from Pullman - Standard, insofar as they concern freight cars were sold to Trinity Industries.

Had after the Pullman, Inc. separated from the railroad car manufacturing, she remained a multi- company, which went through more mergers and acquisitions, undertook until it became a subsidiary of Wheelabrator - Frye, Inc.. This in turn merged in January 1982 with MW Kellogg, a manufacturer of large factory chimneys, silos and chimneys. Wheelabrator - Frye Group retained both Pullman and Kellogg as a legally independent subsidiary. In 1990, the entire group was sold to Waste Management. The divisions of Pullman and Kellogg were separated from Waste Management as Pullman Power Products Corporation and was the end of 2004, this company Pullman Power LLC and was a subsidiary of Structural Group, a specialty construction company.

After separation of the recent Kellogg divisions of Pullman - Kellogg, the sale of all railroad cars manufacturing facilities and the formal dissolution of the old Pullman Company ( the sleeper operating company, which emerged from the splitting 1944) separated the Waste Management, Inc., the remaining Pullman divisions in May 1985 as a new Pullman Company from. In November 1985, Pullman Peabody International bought and named the new company Pullman Peabody. In April 1987 - after the sale of Pullman Technology to Bombardier - they took back the name of the Pullman Company. This company merged in September 1987 with Clevite Industries. In 1996, the Pullman Company was the company with her daughter Clevite almost the sole manufacturer of elastomeric parts for the automotive industry and in June 1996 was sold to Tenneco. By 2004, the Pullman Company established itself as daughter of Tenneco Automotive elastomeric parts.

Company settlement

1880 built the company to 16 km ² of land 23 km south of Chicago workers a settlement called Pullman on. The city, which belonged in its entirety of the company consisted of residential buildings, market halls, a library, churches and recreational facilities for 6,000 company employees and an equally large number of members. The employees had to live in Pullman, though in adjacent communities often found cheaper housing. An employee reported to have said: " We are born in a Pullman house, our food comes from Pullman shops, we are taught in the Pullman school, we pray in Pullman churches and when we die, then we drive to Pullman hell! ". Alcohol was banned in the city, as George Pullman held the alcohol for a disgusting habit of the workers. In -house Hotel Florence although there was alcohol, but only for the hotel guests. For workers, the hotel was too expensive.

1898 ordered the Supreme Court of the State of Illinois, that the company had to sell the city. She was then incorporated to Chicago. The surrounding communities that had previously formed with Pullman Hyde Park Township, had been already incorporated in 1889. Today, Pullman is a neighbor city of Chicago, a National Historic Landmark and the faithful restoration of the houses is encouraged.

Other company facilities

The Pullman Company operating many facilities in other parts of the United States. One of them was the Pullman shops in Richmond ( California ), which were connected to the main line of the Southern Pacific Transportation and the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. There railroad cars were serviced from the entire western United States and repaired. The main building of the workshops as well as the passage still exist today; they lie in the Pullman Avenue.

Servant for passengers

The Pullman Company was also known for its passenger - servant. For this task, the company hired African- Americans. While this was in many ways an unskilled job, but was paid better and offered more security than most other professions that African- Americans were open at that time. In addition, he opened the way to travel, and was in the African-American community at that time very popular. Pullman servants were organized into the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters under Asa Philip Randolph. Many Pullman employees were approached by travelers regardless of their real name as "George". This tradition, which is widely perceived as racist, had its origin in the name of the company founder George Pullman. To combat this practice, was founded by various ticket collectors, the Society for the Prevention of Calling Sleeping Car Porters " George ". At that time, the Pullman Company was the largest employer in the U.S. for African- Americans.

Products

• Presidents' Conference Committee Streetcar, "A" Series
• Chicago Transit Authority 5001-5002 PCC express train passenger cars (1947 ); decommissioned in 1985
• Chicago Transit Authority 2001-2180 Schnellzugwagen (1964 ); decommissioned in 1993
• MBTA Red Line 01500 / 01600 cars ( 1969-70 )
• NJ Transit Comet I commuter cars ( 1970)
• New York City Transit R6 ( 1936), R7 ( 1937), R7A (1938 ), R46 ( 1975-1978 )
• Amtrak Superliner (1978-1981)