Pustozyorsk

Pustosjorsk (Russian Пустозёрск, also Pustosersk ) in a former town on the Pechora, on the present territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug in Northern Russia.

Geography

Pustosjorsk was near an arm of the Pechora, about 100 kilometers from the mouth into the Arctic Ocean on the west bank of the Pustoje Lake, which gave the city the name ( Pustoje Ozero means in Russian "empty sea", now called the lake Gorodezkoje Lake ). The city lay beyond the Arctic Circle at 67 ° 32 '0 "N, 52 ° 35 ' ​​0" O67.53333333333352.583333333333Koordinaten: 67 ° 32 '0 "N, 52 ° 35' 0" E, about 20 kilometers southwest of present-day Naryan - Mar. Three kilometers northeast across the lake is today the small village Ustje (50 inhabitants), which belongs to the village Soviet Telwissotschny.

History

Pustosjorsk was in the autumn of 1499 on the orders of Tsar Ivan III. the first Russian city above the Arctic Circle and at the north-eastern outpost of Muscovy established limit.

From the 16th to the 18th century, the city was the administrative, economic and cultural center of the Petschoragebietes between Barents Sea and Vychegda, Ural and mesas. During this time Pustosjorsk played an important role in the conquest of the Far North and Siberia. From here, expeditions to the Arctic islands such as Spitzbergen and Novaya Zemlya, as well as the mouths of the great Siberian rivers have been made.

1665 Ostrog was built. In the 17th and 18th centuries Pustosjorsk was used as a place of exile for unpopular people, including participants of the insurrections under Stenka Razin and Kondrati Bulavin as well as the followers of Avvakum. The latter was burned there on 14 April 1482 the stake.

The task of the sea route to Siberia in favor of the southern land route across the Urals was the importance of the city from the mid-17th century gradually decline. The place became a small village, but remained until the 20th century inhabited. Finally, he was abandoned in 1954 by the last inhabitants.

1964 a memorial site was erected in 1989 a wooden monument in place of the combustion Awwakums. On December 4, 1974, the remains of the city were declared archaeological monument, which now includes other areas around since 1990 and occupies an area of ​​7387 hectares. In 1991 the complex was Pustosjorsker Historical and Natural History Museum ( Пустозёрский комплексный историко - природный музей ) founded in the nearby village Ustje.