Pyotr Yeropkin
Pyotr Mikhailovich Jeropkin (Russian Пётр Михайлович Еропкин, scientific transliteration Pëtr Michajlovič Eropkin; * ca 1698, .. † 27 Junijul / July 8 1740greg in Saint Petersburg ) was a Russian architect and architectural theorist.
Life and work
Pyotr Mikhailovich Jeropkin came from an old family. The father of the Jeropkins suspected Ivan Jewstafijewitsch Jeropka, a descendant of Rostislav, Prince of Smolensk.
In his childhood, he showed a remarkable talent for science and drawing, but was sent to the army. There Peter the Great noticed the talented young man and ordered 1716 to select 20 talented men from different areas for study abroad. Pyotr Jeropkins talent for painting were noted and he was sent to Italy to study architecture, drawing, philosophy and Italian.
Jeropkin traveled with Timofei Ussow and Fedor Isakov initially via Amsterdam to Livorno, where she studied Italian and collected a lot of books on architecture. Then they went on to Rome, where he worked under the guidance of the little-known architects Cipriani. He studied the architectural masterpieces of Palladio and Vignola and treatises. Since Isakov showed no special talent and was returned in 1718 as a translator by the architect Nicola Michetti, Jeropkin and Ussow were the first Russians who studied architecture in Italy. After the two-year study of ancient and modern Italian architecture Jeropkin made a sketch of the temple in Indian ink, to give to Peter the Great.
As Jeropkin 1724 shortly before Peter's death came back to Russia, he was very happy with his success, and he became the only Russian architect, who was honored at the beginning of his career with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel and architects. The following year he became a colonel and architect.
After Peter died, and the court was moved back to Moscow in 1728, the development of the city of Saint Petersburg came temporarily to a halt. Only after 1732 the new Empress Anna Ivanovna Sankt Petersburg again declared as the capital and as a result of the devastating fires of 1737 in the Admiralty district, the city planning was again given more weight. It has established a Planning Board for the reconstruction and reorganization of the city under the direction of Christoph Graf Burchardt Munnich, whose work has been largely shaped by nunmehrigen senior architect Pyotr Jeropkin; without his consent, it was not allowed to build anything. Under his leadership, possibly based on an idea of Peter the Great, the city arranged into three beams. He put on radial and ring roads that go out as the Nevsky Prospekt from the Admiralty ( Gorokhovaia Street and Voznesensky Prospekt ) and the sinuous course of the Moika and Fontanka follow.
He created a first architectural Bauausführungs Compendium The duties of the planning office ( the tract was completed in 1741 by Mikhail Grigoryevich Semzov and was only in 1947 published under the title Dolschnost Architekturnoi Ekspedizii. Tract codecs 1737-1740 ), a type of building regulations in which the messages are summarized on architecture principles, design guidelines, responsibilities and rights of the architect.
Jeropkin was not only a talented architect, but also an outstanding architectural theorist. He was also the first who translated four of Palladio's works on architecture into Russian.
From December 1739 to January 1740 he built with the engineer Georg Wolfgang Krafft the ice house.
Anna's ascension to the throne and the public work of the Germans in their area under the direction of Biron and Minister Ostermann provoked resentment among Russian patriotic circles, whose mouthpiece cabinet minister Artemi Petrovich Volynsky was. To his friends counted for A. F. Khrushchev, F. I. Soimonow, P. I. Musin - Pushkin also Pyotr Jeropkin. As a result he was arrested and eventually executed along with Volynsky and Khrushchev.