Ranunculales

Wood Anemone (Anemone nemorosa)

The Hahnenfußartigen ( Ranunculales ) are an order of flowering plant ( Magnoliopsida ). They are the basalste order of Eudikotyledonen.

Description

The order of Ranunculales includes woody and herbaceous plants. The leaves are often divided.

The floral organs are often numerous, the arrangement is spirally or in whorls. The carpels are often free. In the order the petals are likely to be several times from each emerged independently from stamens: in the petals is only one vascular bundle, the petals are in the same para bites from the stamens and resemble those in the early development. Also, they are often peltate. The pollen are as tricolpate all Eudikotylen or derived from this form.

They are particularly characterized by a wide range of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. Oil cells are absent in this order.

System

The Ranunculales are at the base of Eudikotyledonen and are the sister group of all other Eudikotyledonen. The oldest fossils are about 70 million years old representative of the Menispermaceae, the age of the group is estimated to be 120 million years.

The order includes seven families:

• Barberry Family ( Berberidaceae )
• Circaeasteraceae
• Eupteleaceae
• Finger fruit plants ( Lardizabalaceae )
• Moonseed family ( Menispermaceae )
• Poppy Family ( Papaveraceae )
• Buttercup family ( Ranunculaceae )

The Eupteleaceae are the basal group. Another clade form the Papaveraceae s.lat. Here are two clades: Larbizabalaceae and Circaeasteraceae on the one hand, and Menispermaceae ( Berberidaceae Ranunculaceae ) on the other side.

Swell

• The order of Ranunculales in APWebsite. (English )
• Andreas Bresinsky, Christian Körner, Joachim W. Kadereit, Gunther Neuhaus, Uwe Sonnewald: Textbook of Botany. Founded by Eduard Strasburger. 36th edition. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-1455-7.
• Wei Wang, An -Ming Lu, Yi Ren, Mary E. Endress, Zhi- Duan Chen: Phylogeny and classification of Ranunculales: Evidence from four molecular loci and morphological data. In: Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics. Volume 11, No. 2, 2009 ISSN 1433-8319, pp. 81-110, doi: 10.1016/j.ppees.2009.01.001.