Raymond Moley

Raymond Moley ( born September 27, 1886 in Berea, Ohio, † February 18, 1975 in Phoenix, Arizona ) was an American journalist, political scientist and policy adviser, director of the Brain Trust of Franklin D. Roosevelt in the preparation of the New deal was.

Life

Moley studied at Oberlin College with a Master 's degree in 1913. Originally, he wanted to study law, but changed under the influence of Woodrow Wilson for Political Science, where he received his doctorate in 1918 at Columbia University under Charles Beard. He led the Cleveland Foundation, for which he examined the judicial system of the city. This gave him in 1923 a professor at Columbia University. About the confidant of Roosevelt, Louis Howe, he came into the policy advice. In 1928 he was in the campaign team for Roosevelt's candidacy for Governor of New York and then discussed this on the judicial system. For the presidential election in 1932 organized Moley the Brain Trust ( as Howe and journalists called him ) of President consultants, consisting of himself and his colleagues at Columbia University, Adolf Augustus Berle, and Rexford Tugwell.

They recommended job creation measures by the government and a close collaboration with industry and Moley himself wrote many of the campaign speeches and later speeches by Roosevelt, among other important parts of the inaugural speech as president with the famous place " the only thing we have to fear is fear self " (the only thing we have to fear is Fear Itself ), the Forgotten man- speech (1932) and the first " fireside talks " ( Fireside chats ), radio speeches by Roosevelt from 1933. He was the leading policy adviser and was Assistant Secretary of State. From him comes the term New Deal for the new policy, the Roosevelt wanted to free America from the Great Depression. After the election of Roosevelt, he was instrumental in the implementation. In the first hundred days of the reign he mediated between the President and Congress, and was one of the most important men in the government.

Already in late 1933 but it came increasingly to Dissenzen in the economic and social policies of the New Deal, which was too radical. He clashed with the Secretary of State Cordell Hull and Roosevelt rejected his proposal to bind the dollar back to the gold standard. He resigned from his official office, but advised Roosevelt initially even further. In 1936, he broke completely with the Democrats and Roosevelt and supported Republicans henceforth, first in 1940 Wendell Willkie. He participated in no other election campaigns, but was active as a political writer and journalist. From 1937 to 1968 he had a column for Newsweek. He wrote for The Freeman, who advocated for free markets, and the conservative National Review. End of the 1930s he had transformed itself from a supporter to an opponent of the New Deal, which he settles in his book After Seven Years 1939.

In 1970 he was awarded the Richard Nixon Presidential Medal of Freedom.

Writings

• Lessons in Democracy, for use in adult immigrant classes, Macmillan 1919 ( with Huldah Cook)
• Commercial Recreation, The Cleveland Foundation 1919
• Politics and criminal persecution, Minton Balch 1929
• Our criminal courts, New York, Minton, Balch 1930
• After Seven Years, New York: Harper and Brothers, 1939 pdf
• 27 masters of politics, in a personal perspective, New York: Funk and Wagnalls 1949
• The Hays office, Indianapolis, New York 1945
• How to Keep Our Liberty. A program for political action, New York: Knopf, 1952, pdf
• The First New Deal, New York: Harcourt Brace, 1966 ( with Elliot A. Rosen )
• Realities and illusions, 1886-1931: the autobiography of Raymond Moley, New York, Garland Publ 1980 ( Published by Frank Freidel )