Reeve
Reeve (also Bailif, German, Vogt ', French Bailiare ) is an English surname.
Origin
The name comes from the Norman embossed England, where the Reeve, a representative of the Earl, Earl ' was, the manager, tax collector and Alderman ( prosecutors and judges ) at the same time was. He was also responsible for the immediate defense and the preparation of men for the army of his Lord. In the case of a crime he organized (with the help of Constable ) the pursuit of a fugitive offender and was called to larger accidents.
Derived from the term Shire - Reeve is the term sheriff still in use today. The term is derived from the Old English word Sċīrġerēfa. Scir referred to an administrative unit, similar to a county ( Shire ). In Anglo-Saxon England the Sċīrġerēfa or Shire - Reeve was a senior civil servant, like a bailiff.
From the Anglo-Saxon period had for individual cities and areas kronunmittelbare the term " Sheriff " (from scirgerefa ) obtained that were comparable in their function. The Reeve got his position as manager, and he could be dismissed at any time, so there was not a feudal, but a pure employment. Yet it meant for the outdoors and members of the lower nobility, who were appointed Reeve, usually an award. In addition to the right to live on a (usually very small, sometimes consisting only of a donjon ) castle and the supply of food and material to be heated and some income were associated with it.
Historically, the establishment of this system was the establishment of Norman rule under William the Conqueror and was an applied after damaligem required network protection and strongholds. Therefore, both the size of the legal field as well as the income of the Reeve varied greatly. Later, the Reeve enjoyed high reputation among the population, but it also came frequently to abuse of the Office.
Within the field of law, the lands of vassals of the feudal lord could be. In these, the Reeve had no rights; in his county he was about a knight of rights, but not equal in dignity. In the course of increasing colonization of the administration became more and more centralized, making the office lost its importance and was given mainly to members of the ruling family. Part of the Bailiwicks went on in hereditary fief of the crown. Formally, there are still two Bailiwicks: the Channel Islands of Jersey and Guernsey. However, you have no Bailifs, but are managed directly by the Crown.
Well-known bearers of the name
- Arthur Benjamin Reeve (1880-1936), American author
- Arthur W. V. Reeve, explorer of New Zealand
- Birdie Reeve Kay (1907-1996), American typist and chessplayer
- Christopher Reeve (1952-2004), American actor, director and writer
- Clara Reeve (1729-1807), English writer
- Dana Reeve (1961-2006), American actress and singer
- Henry Reeve (1813-1895), British journalist
- Henry Reeve (1850-1876), Brigadier General of the Cuban Liberation Army
- Lovell Augustus Reeve (1814-1865), British malacologist
- Michael D. Reeve ( b. 1943 ), British classical scholar
- Philip Reeve (born 1966 ), British writer
- Simon Reeve (born 1972 ), British journalist and writer
- Sue Reeve ( b. 1951 ), British track and field athlete
- Tapping Reeve (1744-1822), American lawyer
- Tommy Reeve ( b. 1980 ), German pop singer