Rorippa

Water - cress or bank - cress ( Rorippa amphibia )

The marsh cress ( Rorippa ) are a genus within the family of cruciferous plants (Brassicaceae ).

• 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

The marsh cress species are one-, two-year or perennial herbaceous plants. There are mostly marsh or aquatic plants. Some species form rhizomes. If hairs ( trichomes ) are present then they are simple. The upright to creeping stems are simple or branched and leafy. The leaves are simple or usually one to three times pinnately divided. The lower leaves are stalked. The leaf margin is smooth to toothed.

Generative features

The racemose inflorescences and shoot axis stretch, while the fruit ripens. There may be bracts. The hermaphrodite, radial symmetry flowers are cruciform. The top four green sepals are erect to spreading. The four petals are often yellow, rarely white or pink. The most six (rarely four) stamens are of equal length. There are nectar glands present. Two carpels are fused into a superior ovaries, containing 10 to 300 ovules. The style usually ends in a capitate stigma that can sometimes be slightly bilobed.

Are formed pods or silicles. The membranous septum is rarely perforated. The seeds are usually in two rows in the fruit. The seeds are very rarely winged.

Systematics and distribution

The genus name Rorippa was first published in 1760 by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli in Flora Carniolica, p 520. Synonyms for Rorippa Scop. are Clandestinaria Spach, Kardanoglyphos Schltdl. , Neobeckia Greene, Pirea T.Durand, Radicula Moench, Sisymbrianthus Chevall. , Tetrapoma Turcz. ex fish. & C.A.Mey ..

The Rorippa species are distributed with approximately (70 to ) 86 species from Europe to central Asia, Africa and North America (22 species).

For some authors, the types of independent form the fountain cress (Nasturtium ) are incorporated into the genus Rorippa.

• Alps - cress ( Rorippa alpina ( S.Wats ) Rydb.. ); it occurs only in the USA (Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Nevada, Utah)
• Water - cress or bank - cress ( Rorippa amphibia (L.) Bess. )
• Rorippa aquatica (Eaton ) EJPalmer & Steyerm. It is a North American water plant that grows at altitudes between 0 and 200 meters.
• Austrian cress ( Rorippa austriaca ( Cr. ) Bess. )
• Rorippa barbareifolia ( DC.) Kitagawa: This species is native to China, Mongolia, Russia, Alaska and northern Canada.
• Rorippa benghalensis ( DC.) H.Hara: This species is native to China, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim, Thailand and Vietnam.
• Rorippa calycina ( Engel. ) Rydb.
• Chinese yellow-cress ( Rorippa cantoniensis ( Lour. ) Ohwi )
• Rorippa coloradensis R.Stuckey: This species is probably extinct. It was last collected in 1875 and was in the San Luis Valley endemic in Colorado.
• Colombian yellow-cress ( Rorippa columbiae ( Suksdorf ex BLRobins. ) Suksdorf ex TJHowell )
• Rorippa crystallina Rollins; it occurs in Canada
• Rorippa curvipes Greene ( Syn: Rorippa truncata ( Jeps. ) Stuckey ): Home is North America.
• Rorippa curvisiliqua ( Hook. ) Bess. ex Britt.; occurs in Canada and the U.S.
• Rorippa dubia ( Persoon ) H.Hara: This species has a very wide distribution: China, Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sikkim, Thailand, Vietnam; naturalized in North and South America, it is wild.
• Rorippa elata ( JDHooker & Thomson) Handel-Mazzetti: This species is in Bhutan, Sikkim and the Chinese provinces of Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, and in the northwestern Yunnan boasts.
• Rorippa globosa ( Turcz. ex Fish & CAMey. . ) Hayek: The home is China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia and Vietnam.
• . Rorippa indica ( L.) Hiern: This species has a wide distribution: China, the Indian subcontinent, Nepal, Sikkim, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines and Vietnam; in North and South America, it is wild.
• Rorippa intermedia ( Kuntze ) R.Stuckey
• Rorippa microtitis ( B.L.Robins. ) Rollins; occurs in Arizona, New Mexico and Mexico (Chihuahua )
• Rorippa montana (. . Wall. ex Hook f & T.and ) Small: This species occurs in the Himalayas to Pakistan and eastern Asia; in North America it has run wild.
• Karst cress ( Rorippa lippizensis ( Wulf. ) Rchb. ); occurs mainly on the Balkan Peninsula
• Ordinary yellow-cress (. Rorippa palustris (L.) Bess ): The home are large parts of Eurasia and North America; in Australia and South America, it is wild.
• Rorippa pinnata ( Moc. & Sessé ) Rollins: The home ranges from central Mexico through Guatemala to Colombia.
• Puerto Rico - cress ( Rorippa portoricensis ( Spreng. ) Stehlé )
• Rorippa prostrata ( Bergeret ) Schinz & Thellung ( Syn: Rorippa × anceps ( Wahlenb. ) Rchb. ); it occurs in Europe
• Pyrenees - cress ( Rorippa pyrenaica ( All. ) Reichenb. ); comes in Central and Southern Europe and dazuhin in Morocco
• Rorippa ramosa Rollins: occurrences are in Texas and the Mexican states of Coahuila, Durango.
• Rorippa sarmentosa ( G.Forst. Ex DC. ) J.F.Macbr.
• Rorippa sessiliflora ( Nutt. ) ASHitchc. Homeland is North America.
• Rorippa sinuata ( Nutt. ) ASHitchc. Homeland is Canada and the United States.
• Rundfrüchtige yellow-cress ( Rorippa sphaerocarpa (Gray ) Britt. ): The home ranges of the United States into the Mexican state of Chihuahua.
• Rorippa subumbellata Rollins: The home is relatively small areas in California and Nevada.
• Wild cress (. Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Bess ): This species has a wide distribution in Eurasia; in North and South America, it is wild.
• Rorippa tenerrima Greene: home is North America and Mexico.
• Rorippa teres ( Michx. ) R.Stuckey: The home ranges from the U.S. to Mexico to Honduras and Nicaragua.

No more genus Rorippa counts:

• Bastard watercress (Nasturtium × sterile ( Airy Shaw) Oefelein; = N. microphyllum × N. officinale; Syn: Rorippa × sterilis Airy Shaw).

Use

The leaves of some species are eaten raw or cooked.

Swell

• Tai - Yien Cheo, Lianli Lu, Guang Yang, Ihsan Al- Shehbaz & Vladimir Dorofeev: Brassicaceae in the Flora of China, Volume 8: Rorippa - Online. (Section Description and systematics)
• Ihsan A. Al - Shehbaz: Rorippa in the Flora of North America, Volume 7, page 493: Online. (Section Description and systematics)
• Walter Bleeker, C. Weber- Berg & Save Herbert Hurka: Chloroplast DNA variation and biogeography in the genus Rorippa Scop. ( Brassicaceae), in Plant Biology, 4, 2002, pp. 104-111.