Russula illota
The Morse Russula ( Russula illota Syn: Russula laurocerasi var illota ) is a species of fungus in the family Täublingsverwandten ( Russulaceae ). There is a representative from the subsection Foetentinae, which is characterized in that its cutting blades are decorated with purple - brown dots and dashes that are reminiscent of Morse code. His hat is mostly covered by a thick, purple slime.
- 7.1 Notes and references
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The hat has a diameter of (2.5 ) 5-16 cm. He is more or less thick, young almost round until later expanded convex and depressed at the age in the middle often. The hat color varies from brown - ocher- yellow-brown to dirty. Much of the Hutfläche is covered by a dirty - brown to purplish- gray goo, the hat skin is therefore also in the dry state sticky.
The handle is ( 3) 4-10 cm long and 1 to 3.7 cm thick, formed more or less cylindrical and partially to completely hollow in old age. Underneath the hat he can possibly be easily extended. When young it is whitish, but turns yellow in old age and is always braunfleckiger until he finally makes a brownish dirty impression.
The slats are neither pushed nor particularly away standing. They are 7-12 mm high, at first white to cream-colored, later dirty. They are partially mingled with lamella tablets and forked over the entire area across at least 4 times per hat. Specific type and also name-giving but are the dark dots and lines on the cutting blades that look like Morse code. You have about the same color as the hat covering mucus.
The meat is more or less thin and tends to be yellowing, so that it is discolored more or less yellow with age. The smell is very complex, with a pleasant, almond-like ( such as almond cream), anise-like or fruity too disgusting, cum table, smelly. Especially the elderly and for violations of smell is very pungent. The taste in the stem is bitter, disgusting and very sharp.
Microscopic characteristics
The spore powder is white to light cream color. The spores themselves are globose, 7-8.5 × 6.2-7.5 microns long and wide and decorated with mostly isolated, 0.5-2 microns high, thorny, to slightly burred warts. They are only partially burred, but mainly connected to each other only by fine lines.
The cystidia are often appendikuliert, which provided hot with a small Spitzchen or appendage, or they are narrowed to clavate. They are up to 85 (100 ) microns long and 6-10 (13 ) microns wide. The hyphal end cells of the hat skin are 3-5 microns wide and more or less twisted or they are short, with blunt or slightly extended ends. The Pileozystiden are 6-9 microns wide, appendikuliert almost cylindrical to spindle- shaped, blunt or slightly contracted at the top and easily.
Artabgrenzung
The types of sub-section Foetentinae see all very similar and can be easily confused with each other. From Stink - Täubling and representatives of foetens Group, the Morse Täubling distinguished by its typical bitter almond odor. At the age he can but similarly unpleasant smell as the representatives of foetens group.
From almond Täubling and the other representatives of Laurocerasi - group, however, it differs by the relatively blunt, slightly gray - toned purple hat colors, the brown - purple slime and the characteristic blackish - dotted fins cutting. The spore form is slightly different.
System
The Morse Täubling is placed in the section Ingratae and further into the subsection Foetentinae within the genus Russula. The section Ingratae united Russula species with dull yellow to brownish- gray hats, sharp and / or disgusting bitter taste and white spore powder; the subsection Foetentinae unites species with scharfrandigem, gerieftem hat and striking smell. Recent DNA research shows that the species of this group are phylogenetically closely related to each other.
Ecology
Like all russulas is the Morse Täubling a mycorrhizal fungus, which enters into a symbiosis with various deciduous trees, mainly with beech ( Fagus sylvatica). In addition, other deciduous trees, rare conifers come as partners. The Morse Täubling inhabited predominantly mesophilic beech forests on fresh to sickerfeuchten, rich, loamy, nutrient-poor, provide them with bases well to moderate soils over limestone, marly limestone or calcareous sand and base-containing silicates. Less commonly, it occurs also hornbeam oak, precious hardwood and spruce- fir forests.
Dissemination
The Morse Täubling is a European species of fungus that is found in southern, western and northern Europe.
In Germany the species is in the northern flat and hilly rare and usually missing in the glacial sand and limestone areas drier. In the mountains and hills of Morse Täubling is very scattered to widespread regionally weak before loosening with larger areas. Ins higher Bergland the type increases only rarely.
Importance
Because of its sharp taste disgusting and he is, like all kinds of subsection, not edible. Maybe he is also slightly toxic.