Russula nobilis
The Book - memory Russula ( Russula nobilis)
The Book - memory Russula ( Russula nobilis; Syn: Russula mairei ) is a mushroom of the family of Täublingsverwandten ( Russulaceae ) and a Mykorrhizpilz of European beech (Fagus sylvatica).
- 5.1 Subspecies and varieties
- 5.2 Infra Generic Systematics
- 7.1 Notes and references
Features
The hat of the book - storage Täublings is 3-9 cm wide. Jung is spherical to hemispherical, later convex to spread the hat. The hat skin is colored slightly tacky and vermilion to carmine. When moisture is shiny, velvety matt when dry. At the age they fade in the middle of often. It can be easily removed at the edge of the meat underneath is stained pink to reddish. The brim is grooved with age.
The lamellae are grown bulged and are at least urged in youth. Many blades are forked and mingled with lamella tablets. They are white or have a yellowish glow and turn yellow with ammonia.
The white stem is 2 to 8 in length and 1 to 1.5 (2 ) cm thick and fairly soft. Also the meat is white and tends to slightly yellowing. The taste is burning hot, the smell pleasantly fruity, drying the fungus can also develop a slight honey smell. The spore powder is white.
Macro Chemical Reactions
With potassium hydroxide, the hat skin turns yellow -brown to light brown, with nitric acid pink to saturnrot. If you give potassium hydroxide to the flesh, you will also receive immediately a yellow-brown discoloration. Sulfovanillin discolored flesh purple and iron (II ) sulphate solution dirty gray reddish yellow gray to dirty.
Microscopic characteristics
The spores themselves are roundish elliptical 7 to 8.5 microns long and 6 to 6.5 microns wide. The relatively small warts protrude only moderate. They are only up to 0.5 microns high and short or blunt prickly. Usually the warts are almost fully connected by fine lines, which form a dense network. The basidia are 40 to 50 microns long and 9 to 12.5 microns wide with four in diameter 5-7 microns long sterigmata. The cystidia are 65 to 75 long and 7.5 to 10 microns wide, they are straight - bellied, dull above, usually only with blurry Spitzchen. In Sulfovanillin they appear blue.
The hat skin has 66-85 microns long and 6-10 microns wide, club-shaped Pileozystiden flakes and hairs ( 3-4 microns ).
Artabgrenzung
- For the mushroom pickers the distinction of Cinnabar Täubling and beech storage Täubling is probably the most important. Both types have the same red hat color and come in acidophilous beech forests are quite common. However, the Cinnabar Täubling has much firmer flesh and the stem is at least slightly reddish tinge. It tastes mild, possibly a little bitter and the hat skin can not be removed.
Much similar course, are the closely-related memory russulas. The Cherry Red, the pine and the dwarf - memory Täubling.
- The dwarf - memory Täubling occurs only in the high mountains and can be excluded in most cases.
- The flesh of the cherry - red memory Täubling is white under the hat skin, also comes the fungus a Ektosymbiose with a pine and spruce.
- The most difficult is the differentiation from Pine memory Täubling, the - can also be found under Book - unlike its name suggests. It is quite small with a cap diameter 2-5 cm and fragile. His hat skin can be removed almost to the middle, and the flesh underneath is mostly white. The fungus has on drying no honey smell. The safest distinguishing feature are the spores. They are the pine - memory Täubling usually larger ( 7.5-12.5 × 6.2 to 9.2 microns ). The spores have even larger, more widely spaced spine- like warts.
Ecology
The Book - memory Täubling is a mycorrhizal fungus of red beech. It prefers acidic to moderately acidic sand, sandstone or clay soils, but also occurs on Kalkgesteinsböden. From July to October, he is one of the most common russulas in acidophilous beech forests.
Dissemination
The Book - memory Täubling occurs in North Africa ( Morocco), North America (USA) and Europe. In Europe, it is in Western and Central Europe, including Hungary and the Czech Republic, so widespread throughout the range of beech.
System
Subspecies and varieties
In the past, long-stemmed forms of book - storage Täublings have also been described as a separate species under the name of long-stemmed beech storage Russula ( Russula fageticola ) from Stocky wax ends beech storage Russula ( Russula mairei ) separated.
Since both forms are linked together by intermediate stages, this separation was again discarded.
Infra Generic Systematics
Very similar to the closely related species Cherry Red ( Russula emetica ), minke ( Russula nana ) and pine storage Russula ( Russula silvestris ). They are all summarized in the subsection Emeticinae within the section Russula. For a long time they were considered only as varieties of cherry red storage Täublings.