Salzböde

Below the Ackers, the salt marsh, which is considered the headwaters of the Salzböde

The Salzböde is approximately 27.6 km long right tributary of the Lahn in Marburg- Biedenkopf with mouth in the district of Gießen in Hesse, Germany. It has a catchment area of approximately 140 km ². In addition to the flow of the 29 km long Salzböderadweg runs.

The floodplain along the pulling natural space Salzbödetal divides the surrounding Gladenbacher mountains in west-east direction.

Development in the headwaters

The origin of the Salzböde lies in the southwestern part of the Gladenbacher mountain country in the historic Hessian countryside in the village of Bad Endbach, northwest of the district Hartenrod, in the district Schlierbach. The source area is located 435-410 m above sea level. NN on the southern slope of the 564 m high Würgeloh, a southern branch of the Bottenhorner plateaus.

A real source is not found. The water seeps from many individual Quellchen who called over a larger area on a swampy wet - meadow, " salt meadow ", are distributed in a hillside location. The standing -site sign " Salzbödequelle " marks the spot where the waters as a small stream becomes visible for the first time.

The direction of flow is initially southeast. After about 600 meters begins the built-up area of ​​settlement Hartenrod. From there to the water to about 500 m in length ( straight line ) is consistently adopted in sewer pipes and be built over the course of more or less strongly with diverse structures. Therefore, it is also not clearly identifiable, where and in what manner, a second river meets with him. This arises almost exactly 2 km air- line south of the meadow slope on the northwestern slope of the 498 m high Beautifully Scheid described above. It performs a similar amount of water about something greater distance before it is also cased in spatial location. This second river is scheduled as evidenced by topographic maps also one more, just south of the village springing.

Course

The generally eastern direction of flow is limited. Due to the location of the well over 500 m high plateau of Bottenhorner plateaus in the north compared to the first in almost uninterrupted succession south upcoming steep hillside nature space inch beech with peak heights between 300 and 450 m Only in the second half of the route bends the Salzböde then increasingly in southern directions. In the flow direction, the Salzböde crosses the districts of the towns Hartenrod, Bad Endbach and Wommelshausen Hut ( all community Bad Endbach ), then the neighborhoods Weidenhausen, Erdhausen, Glad Bach and Mornshausen the city Gladenbach and the districts Lohra, perineum and Reimershausen the community Lohra. In between, flows through the Salzböde at Steinfurt mill below Oberwalgern also briefly the municipality of Fronhausen. Thus, it flows for the most part in the Marburg- Biedenkopf. Shortly before her mouth she still touches the district of saline soils, the settlement Röder Heath and the suburb of the city Odenhausen Lollar in the district of Gießen.

It is noteworthy in all these settlements that they - are built either in a fairly large distance from the creek bed or at least in relatively flood -free location - with the exception of Hartenrod and Bad Endbach. However, exceptions to this are the remaining buildings of the almost proverbial 40 mills. However, their locations have been selected from hundreds of years of experience so that they are not threatened in the normal case of floods. However, most recently, some buildings have been built too close to the watercourse, such as the local government and the Kurhaus in Bad Endbach.

By a heavy rain event on 17 September 2006 with over 100 l / m² precipitation originated at the park and especially on the buildings considerable damage. Then flood protection measures have been (including catch basins and flood barriers ) planned during the Salzböde, which are now largely complete at the headwaters. In April 2013, built at the narrowest point in the upper reaches of the Salzböde barrage was west of the "Forest Mill" completed.

Tributaries

The following tributaries flow of Salzböde to:

All springing within the bathroom Endbacher district left tributaries come from the correspondingly short in the north immediately following Bottenhorner plateaus and stay; the further downstream following left inflows even come directly from the poor relief natural space Salzbödetal.

For analogous reasons remain the right tributaries above Lohras that have their source in the south immediately following the ridge inch beech, briefly.

Discoverable the verse has a special role - their valley also assumes, along with its tributaries Krebsbach (right, 7.0 km, 12.443 km ²) and Krumbach (left, 4.6 km, 6.216 km ²), the south-west arm of the natural region Salzbödetal one.

Knowledge and Attractions

First mention

First mention learns the name Salzböde in a donation document from the 8th century, in which a noblewoman named Adel Burch their possessions in the estuary nearby village " Salzbutine " ( saline soils ) transmits the monastery of Fulda.

In the peace treaty, the Bishop Wernher von Mainz in 1265 graduated with Hessian imperial cities and neighboring territorial lords, in the description of the border in the north and the river Salzböde ( " ... is, et usque ad illa from silva aquam que dictur Salzbuide, ... " ) called.

In the book " Statistical- topographical and historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse " by Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner, Grand Ducal geometer, Carl Wilhelm Leske Verlag, Darmstadt, 1830, is among other things: " In the near Mornshausen a p a salty water was discovered, whereupon probably the name Salzböde 'does. "

Origin of the name

The Regensburg Onomastiker Albrecht Greule directs the stream name Salzböde of the Indo-European root * bud from. In the old Indian, which also belongs to the Indo-European language family, means budbudah about " water bubble". Accordingly, the name could perhaps be called "the effervescent " or " Bubbly " is interpreted. The hypothetical original form of the name Salzböde waters would therefore * (salt) Budina. The hydronym * Budina, the suffix - Böde has also further correspondences within Europe, such as the handmade paper in Alsace, the Pitten in Lower Austria or Bednja in Croatia. The prefix salt is a distinctive name suffix such as in Salzschlirf or Salzuflen. Water pollution is one name Salzböde Greule addition to the group of voreinzelsprachlichen, old European hydronyms within the catchment area of the river Lahn to the also includes the names of the neighboring streams Allna and Aar.

Perhaps the suffix - Böde could also be an Old High German synonym for river / stream, similar to the Bode in the Harz Mountains.

The name Salzböde is unusual for a freshwater stream. But first, already indicated the vegetation in the area of ​​origin point to a slightly higher mineral or salt content in the soil. And secondly to local taste the water of Salzböde a little salty after an obstinate folk beliefs. Proven to have been, or are there along the brook some salt deposits, but they are all not to be regarded as productive sites.

The origin of the salts in the eastern Rhenish Slate Mountains, which rise from crevices, is not clear. As known in the Rhenish Slate Mountains no salt deposits, must the salt water from outside, eg Coming from south, significant, deep -reaching strain fractures in the consolidated Schiefergebirgs block hineinmigrieren ( feed ). An obvious, therefore, is a hike from the south to the tertiary salt deposits of the Upper Rhine Graben. It is known that from the south via Wiesbaden - draws Biskirchen a NaCl - flow of groundwater to the north. Where it ends is unknown.

Mineral water source

In the valley at Mornshausen, close to the district border to Lohra, across both districts in which Götz mill and the wallet mill, end of the 19th century, two holes were drilled, from which it promoted saline water ( chloride and kalziumhaltig ).

The Hygiene Institute of the University of Marburg examined on behalf of the community Lohra again in 1958 water samples from the "Lower salt marsh source " in the district Lohra with the following result:

Finally, it is said:

Mills and smelters

Towards the mouth of the Lahn, in Odenhausen, to earlier, according to oral tradition, 40 water mills have been. Even today the majority of mill building still, often rebuilt, sometimes even tied with the necessary water rights to the mill operating as a legal title to the possession of the building or with existing mill races. A few are even functional, but no longer in operation. The defunct mill sites have but almost all get in field names.

At the Salzböde there was in the Middle Ages also proven four smaller smelters or forest forging, which were operated by water power. Locations were the Huettner mill ( Wommelshausen Hut ), the Forest mill ( Weidenhausen ), the cottage mill, a former silver melt ( Mornshausen ) and the melting mill ( saline soils ). In the 19th century originated in the Salzböde two still existing smelters, namely the " Justushütte " (est. 1832) in Weidenhausen and the " Aurora Cabin" (est. 1849) in Erdhausen. Both Hut locations back to mills that Justushütte on Neumühlestrasse and the Aurora cabin on the Urban mill. They were instructed to drive to the water for Salzböde to the stamp mills and bellows over mill wheels. The Justushütte even operational from 1840 to 1883 a charcoal blast furnace. The iron ore came from the surrounding area. The Aurora cabin was from 1850 to 1887, a nickel melt, which was supplied with ore from Bellnhausen.

Salzböderadweg

At the Salzböde runs along more than 29 km there is a designated and signposted trail, which Salzböderadweg, from the mouth of Salzböde in the Lahn in Odenhausen an der Lahn (165 m) to Hartenrod (440 m ), but naturally not up to the headwaters.

Health Promotion

The residents of Salzbödetals the health benefits of "their" Salzböde - water must be a long time, may have been aware even before the times of the Curé Sebastian Kneipp,: at Weidenhausen, Erdhausen, Glad Bach, Mornshausen and the Etzel mill existed since the mid-1920s "Nature bathhouses ". These were brick or concrete swimming pools which were either filled with water from the Salzböde or in Weidenhausen with water from the Roman houses -Bach.