Sanford B. Dole

Sanford Ballard Dole ( born April 23, 1844, in Honolulu, Hawaii Kingdom, † June 9, 1926 ibid ) was a Hawaiian politician and lawyer. He was in the course of his life, both President of the Provisional Government of Hawaii, President of the Republic of Hawaii and the first Governor of Hawaii Territory. In addition, he was also a judge at the Hawaiian federal district court.

Sanford Dole comes from a family of white Protestant missionaries who had immigrated from New England. His cousin was the pineapple magnate James Dole, who later succeeded to the family and also emigrated to Hawaii. Therefore Sanford Dole was a member of the wealthy as elite community of immigrants, who played a prominent political role in Hawaii. As a successful attorney and friend of King Kalākaua, as well as both Queen Liliuokalani pursued and he promoted but the goal of westernization of Hawaiian culture and society.

Sanford Dole participated in 1887 in a coup of businessmen and plantation owners, the king forced the Kalākaua written by Lorrin Thurston Bayonet Constitution as Hawaii's new constitution recognize. This led to the loss of the right to vote of all Asian residents. For the indigenous people of Hawaii the right to vote was now tied to a certain income and assets, which limited the circle of these voters. In fact, shifted this way, the political influence on the immigrant Europeans. In addition, this Constitution limited the power of the monarch and transferred them to the Privy Council, the Royal Cabinet. Sanford Dole himself was appointed in the wake of King Kalākaua to one of the three judges at the Supreme Court of the Kingdom of Hawaii.

After Queen Liliuokalani tried in vain to revise the standards established by the Constitution of 1887 changes took over on January 17, 1893 so-called Committee of Safety (Eng. Security Committee ) the power in the kingdom. On July 17, 1893 following the U.S. President Grover Cleveland commissioned Blount Report was published, who scored the events of January of the year. This came to the conclusion that the takeover of the Committee of Safety was unlawful.

On the same day, therefore, the Provisional Government of Hawaii was formed, which took over the governance of the country. The Presidency of the Provisional Government, which also included many members of the old Committee of Safety, Sanford Dole took over reluctantly. In practice this ended the existence of the Kingdom of Hawaii. The members of the Provisional Government hoped originally to a quick connection of Hawaii to the United States. Grover Cleveland, however, called for the restoration of Queen Liliuokalani in return for an amnesty for the overthrow of all the parties in January 1893. Since the Queen did not want to grant amnesty, the Provisional Government refused under Sanford Dole, in turn, their reinstatement from. Subsequently, a further investigation of the events of January 1893 was commissioned. Which was published on February 26, 1894 Morgan Report now came to the conclusion that the coup was still legitimate. This meant that now by the Provisional Government a constitutional assembly was convened. On July 4, 1894, finally, the Republic of Hawaii was proclaimed, the first and only president Sanford Dole was.

As president of Hawaii Sanford Dole continued to pursue the political goal of connecting Hawaii to the United States of America and headed the necessary preparations in the way. During his tenure, he also had to fend off several attempts, which were aimed at the restoration of the monarchy - including the armed Wilcox Rebellion 1895 Sanford Dole finally achieved his goal with the Newlands Resolution, ratified on 7 July 1898 by the U.S. and the next. August 18 for formal cession of power led.

As of June 14, 1900, Hawaii became after the adoption of the Organic Act at a U.S. territory, as its first governor, in turn, Sanford Dole was appointed. From this position he entered in 1903, but returned to take a position as a judge at the Federal District Court of Hawaii. He worked there until 1915.

On June 9, 1926 Sanford Dole died after a series of heart attacks. In his honor, a school in Hawaii was in 1956 named after him.