Santissime Stimmate di San Francesco

00186 Roma

Santissime Stimmate di San Francesco is a church in Rome. It was established in its present form in the early 18th century, but had a previous building from the 12th century. It is famous for the decoration of the chapels; in a rest next of kin of Pope Leo XIII.

Location and Naming

The church is located in the IX. Roman rione Pigna on a small square named after her, the Largo delle Stimmate at the entrance of Via dei Cestari directly on the northeast corner of the Largo di Torre Argentina.

It is named from the Archiconfraternità delle Stimmate di San Francesco, which in turn to worship the stigmatization of St.. Francis of Assisi was founded. She had originally another patronage.

History and Architectural History

A predecessor of the church was first mentioned in 1192, it was then scs. Quadraginta calcariorum. Originally, it was consecrated accordingly the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste, the addition calcariorum it owes the city was still here lime kilns for the production of lime from antique marble. The church was several times over the centuries - sometimes slightly modified -. Mentioned in the naming, so in 1230, 1298 and 1320 In the late 16th century, on August 11, 1594 saw the establishment of the Confraternity mentioned that three years later by Pope Clement VIII was approved. This gave the church of the Brotherhood, which made ​​her resign. It was not until 1708, work began on the present church, which were completed before 1721 with the facade. The building was designed in the interior of Battista Contini, the facade is Antonio Canevari attributed.

The most important relic of the church is a aufbewahrtes the high altar container that will contain the blood which the hl. Francis of Assisi should have flowed from the side. The relic is a foundation of Duke of Aqua Sparta and is shown each year on the 4th of October, the public.

Facade

The facade is a classic work of Roman Baroque. It is designed two-storey and three-axis. It is broken down in the basement of doubly identified and deposited the Kompositordnung pilasters, architrave bears the inscription S. FRANCISCO SAC. STIGMATIBVS XP INSIGNATO D. The portal arch is still flanked by Tuscan pilasters of provided order, the side portals with the overlying rectangular windows are simpler. The top lap on the architrave contains a representation of the saints at the moment of Stigmatierung, it is placed in the blown arc segment which terminates inwardly into scrolls, the sides of which small attic windows are inserted. The pilasters of the upper floor is similar to that of the basement, but it follows the Ionic order, the capitals are also decorated with festoons. The middle part of the upper facade is half reset concave, the niche goes up in the gable inside, it contains in the vault a Cherubskopf in a beam. The pilasters of the windows in the side axes follow again the Tuscan order to turn blasted segment gable, in which each another arched window is located.

Immediately before the facade of the Built right at the church Campanile is not visible from the 18th century, only from a distance in.

Affairs

The church has a porch behind the portal, which is divided into three sections by their yoke-shaped architecture with the position of Doppelpilastern Tuscan order. The porch contains a tomb, it was created by Adamo Tadolini for the 1844 late Enrico Pulieri in the style of an ancient Greek stele showing his mother.

The church itself is one -nave structure with three side chapels along the nave. It is covered by a barrel vault with lunettes and divided between the chapels with Doppelpilastern the Kompositordnung. The vault is frescoed, it represents the glory of St. Francis is a work of Luigi Garzi. The input side is somewhat different, the Doppelpilaster again follow the Ionic order with Festo ornament. Under the organ at the segmental arch is the coat of arms of Pope Clement XI. The Tribuna follows, however, again the design principle of the nave. The corners of the nave are vaulted and provided with square doors.

Chapels and equipment

Called the first chapel on the right, Chapel of the Crucifix, contains a Mater Dolorosa representation under one set behind glass ivory crucifix with side angels. The painting is by Francesco Mancini. Laterally there are other oil paintings, left a crowning with thorns, either by Francesco Trevisani or Domenico Muratori, the right hand nor a flagellation. Also for the attribution is uncertain in question comes next Trevisani still Marco Benefial. The barrel vault is frescoed, shown is an angel dance with the Passion.

The front Chapel viewed from the entrance to the choir on the left is dedicated to the Forty Martyrs in commemoration of the original cartridge, they are represented on the altar paintings. The picture was taken by Giacinto Brandi. In the chapel there is a double tomb is of 1837. It is considered interesting because it is an early example of the rise of historicism, in the form of the modeled early Renaissance.

In the middle chapel on the right, the Cappella Borgnana, it was designed in 1850, is an oil painting is on the altar. It represents the Archangel Michael and comes from Nicola Pannini. Pannini copied with the presentation of an oil painting by Guido Reni with the same theme, which is located in the church of Santa Maria della Conception.

The opposite Cappella Pecci 1887 redesigned. Stifter was Pope Leo XIII. , Vincenzo Gioacchino Pecci until the election. Buried in the chapel of his mother and his brother and other, later deceased members of the Pecci family. The altarpiece depicts a Immaculata, located at the bases of columns framing on the left and the right, the Pope's coat of arms. The other oil paintings depict the left represents the Birth of Mary and to the right a representation of the Temple passage of Mary. The images are by Domenico Torti.

The next chapel on the right contains the altar on the altar painted appearance of 19th century architecture. The altarpiece represents the hl. Joseph of Calasanz is created by Marco Caprini.

The opposite it chapel received the equipment in 1869. The painting on the altar represents the hl. Anthony of Padua is, it was created by Trevisani. The left wall contains a Memoriam for Luigi Conte Marconi, he died in 1834.

On the high altar there is a painting is Stigmatization of St. Francis, it is one of the most important paintings by Francesco Trevisani, he created it in 1719. The gold frame with ornaments with shell and Angels is a work of Pietro Bacci.

Under the church is located at a depth of 8 meters, a vault with a vault. Decorated is the system with characters from human bones. This rather reminiscent of Capuchin models plant was begun in the 16th century. The founder of the Confraternity, the doctor Federico de ' Pizzi, certain that his remains should be used for this purpose. From his skull, the holder of the holy water basin should be.