Saponaria
Ordinary soapwort ( Saponaria officinalis)
The soap herbs ( Saponaria ) constitute a genus in the carnation family ( Caryophyllaceae ). The name derives from the Latin sapo " soap " from. The ingredient saponin ( in the rhizome 2-5%) foams in aqueous solution ( Wurzelabkochung ) like soap.
The Ordinary soapwort ( Saponaria officinalis) has been used since ancient times to wash the wool and later to clean clothes with delicate colors. Even Hippocrates knew this detergent.
Description
The soap herbs are perennial, rarely annual herbaceous plants.
The flowers are in loose or dense, paniculate or capitate cymes, rarely individually. The bracts are herbaceous, bracteoles absent. It is a short Karpophor available. The deformed cylindrical. pentadentate cup has 15 to 25 indistinct nerves; to the Verwachsungsstellen missing trockenhäutige compounds, or they are very narrow. The five petals are made of nail and plate, pharyngeal scales are usually present. There are ten stamens present. The ovary has two ( or three ) stylus. The capsule opens with four ( or six) teeth. The seeds are kidney-shaped spherical to almost. The embryo is curved.
The chromosome number is 2n = 28 or 56
System
The genus Saponaria was erected in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum Genera Plantarum with diagnosis.
There are about 40 species which occur with a focus on the Mediterranean and Irano - Turanian in the region in temperate Eurasia.
- Saponaria atocioides Boiss.
- Saponaria bargyliana GOMB. It occurs only in the territory of Syria and Lebanon
- Saponaria bellidifolia Sm: It occurs only in the Balkans, Romania, Italy, France and Spain
- Saponaria bodeana Boiss.
- Saponaria caespitosa DC. It occurs only in Spain and France
- Saponaria calabrica cast. It occurs only in Italy, the Balkan Peninsula, in the Aegean Sea and Turkey
- Saponaria cerastoides fish. & C. A. Mey.
- Saponaria chlorifolia ( Poir. ) Kunze ( Syn: Cyathophylla chlorifolia ( Poir. ) Bocquet & Strid ): It occurs only in Greece and Turkey
- Saponaria cypria Boiss. It occurs only in Cyprus
- Saponaria dalmasii Boissieu: It occurs only in Turkey
- Saponaria floribunda ( Kar & Kir. ) Boiss.
- Saponaria glutinosa M. Bieb. It occurs only in South and South-East Europe, North Africa and Turkey
- Saponaria griffithiana Boiss. ( Syn: Pleioneura griffithiana ( Boiss. ) Rech.f. )
- Saponaria halophila Hedge & Hub. -Mor. It occurs only in Turkey
- Saponaria intermedia Simmler ( Syn: Saponaria haussknechti Simmler; Saponaria sicula subsp intermedia ( Simmler ) Chater. ): It occurs only on the Balkan Peninsula
- Saponaria jagelii Phitos & Greuter: It occurs only in Greece
- Saponaria kermanensis Bornm.
- Saponaria kotschyi Boiss. It occurs only in Turkey
- Yellow soapwort ( Saponaria lutea L. ) It occurs only in France, Italy and Switzerland
- Saponaria makranica Rech.f.
- Saponaria mesogitana Boiss. It occurs only in Palestine and Turkey
- Red soapwort, Red soapwort ( Saponaria ocymoides L.)
- Ordinary soapwort ( Saponaria officinalis L.)
- Saponaria orientalis L.
- Saponaria pachyphylla Rech.f.
- Saponaria pamphylica Boiss. & Heldr. It occurs only in Turkey
- Saponaria picta Boiss. It occurs only in Turkey
- Saponaria pinetorum Hedge: It occurs in Turkey
- Saponaria prostrata Willd. It occurs in Turkey
- Dwarf soapwort ( Saponaria pumila Janch; Syn: .. Saponaria pumilio (L.) A. Braun non Boiss ): It occurs only in Austria, Italy and Romania
- Saponaria pumilio Boiss. ( Syn: Saponaria pulvinaris Boiss. ): It occurs only in the Middle East
- Saponaria stenopetala Rech.f.
- Saponaria stranjensis Yordanov: It occurs only in Bulgaria
- Saponaria subrosularis Rech.f.
- Saponaria syriaca Boiss. It occurs only in Turkey
- Saponaria tridentata Boiss. It occurs in Western Asia
- Saponaria viscosa C. A. Mey.
Hybrids:
- Saponaria × lempergii Wocke ( Saponaria cypria × Saponaria haussknechti )
- Saponaria × olivana Wocke ( Saponaria caespitosa Saponaria pumila × )
- Saponaria × wiemanni Fritsch ( Saponaria caespitosa Saponaria lutea × )