Schola Medica Salernitana

The School of Salerno (Latin: Schola Medica Salernitana ) was a medical teaching and research institution in Salerno.

History

Abbey of Monte Cassino entertained in Salerno Hospital for sick monks. Crusader ships docked at Salerno to leave it there maintain their sick. From the group of healers, the civitas salernitatis, is one of the first medical colleges in Europe developed. Under Archbishop Alfanus and with the help of Constantine the African, a Christian Arab doctors from Tunisia, the Greco- Arabic medical texts translated into Latin, the school flourished and had their heyday ( " high Salerno " ) from the 10th century until the 13th century, promoted by the rulers Roger II and the Staufen Emperor Frederick II.

An extensive pharmacology originated with the books Liber Graduum, Antidotarium Nicolai and Circa instans. The knowledge of the pharmacist supernatant was thus independent and established by law, the separation of the doctor and pharmacist nature by Frederick II in the Edict of Salerno.

Anatomical studies on pigs were increasing medical knowledge under the correct assumption that fundamental correlation between the anatomy of the pig and the human are present. The recipe for success at school was the harmonious blending of medical knowledge levels from different cultures: Greek, Arab, the west -Roman and Jewish.

Women were admitted both as students and as teachers (see also: Trotula ).

Founding myth

According to legend, it was as follows establishing the School of Salerno: A Greek pilgrims called Pontus sought during a storm shelter under the arches of the aqueduct for the night. A second man, Salernus, a rested Latins, in the same place. Salernus was injured and treated his wound, which he and his medications were closely watched by Pontus. In the meantime, there were two other travelers, the Jew and the Arab Helinus Abdela, added. They took care of the wound together. Finally, the four agreed to establish a school in which their knowledge should be collected and disseminated.

The end of the training

1240 Frederick II issued a decree that regulated the medical studies. The University of Naples was founded in 1224 by him became the rival of Salerno. The curriculum consisted of:

  • 3 years logic,
  • 5 years of medicine ( including surgery and anatomy einschl.Autopsie human body ),
  • 1 -year-old practice with a physician,

The School of Salerno was next to the medicine ( where women were admitted as teachers and students ) and teaching center for philosophy, theology and law. Some consider the School of Salerno as the first university that has ever been established, even though they never had the designation "university".

Doctors and well-known personalities in the context of school

  • Constantine the African (1017-1087)
  • Bartholomew of Salerno (12th century)
  • Peter Musandinus (* ~ 1090 in Salerno, † 1150 ), a pupil of Bartholomew of Salerno and its successor
  • Maurus of Salerno (* 1130, † 1214 ), a pupil of Peter Musandinus (and its successor ) and Matthaeus Platearius
  • Trotula de Ruggero ( 11th or 12th century )
  • Peter de Ebulo ( † before 1220 )
  • Roger Frugardi ( * before 1140; † around 1195)
  • Urso of Salerno († 1225 )
  • Gilles de Corbeil (* 1140, † by 1224 ) a student of Maurus of Salerno
  • Giovanni da Procida (1210-1298) as a student
  • Abella (14th century)
13th century Roger II of Sicily Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor John of Procida Matthaeus Silvaticus British Journal of Surgery
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