Scopula rubiginata
Violet Red pickup tensioner ( Scopula rubiginata )
The Violet Red Small tensioner ( Scopula rubiginata ), also known as Red Wine drift corridor tensioner tensioner or rust, is a butterfly (moth ) from the family of the tensioner ( Geometridae ).
Features
The moths reach a wingspan of 16-22 mm, the second generation is slightly smaller on average. The apex of the fore wing is rounded, not skipped the hind wings. The color and the drawing of the wing is variable. The color ranges from light brown, brown, reddish brown to burgundy and violet-red. Rarely, gray-brown tints occur. The base color is dependent upon Bergmann from moisture. In wet years predominantly dark wine-red coloration occur in dry years, the moths are pale to reddish yellow. The transverse lines are usually made very clear to the shaft line. However, there are also less clearly drawn specimens, in which the transverse lines are almost extinct. The wavy line is, if at all usually indicated only slightly brighter than the base color and perforated. It could be dissolved in a series of tooth-like spots. In contrast, inner transverse line means binding and outer transverse line lift often from very distinctive; they are always substantially darker than the base color. They are weak wavy, sometimes serrated low. The intensity of the cross- lines may be different. If they are significantly different, means the binding and / or outer cross line are intensively drawn, as the inner cross- line. The binding agent is often somewhat wider than inner and outer cross- line, but is slightly more diffuse and not significantly limited. The intensity of the transverse lines may decline somewhat and the trailing edge. At the front edge contrast, they are often somewhat thickened. The inner transverse line missing on the hind wings usually quite. The fields between the transverse lines may be colored somewhat different. Most the field between means binding and outer transverse line is slightly paler. In some instances, however, the Saumfeld is slightly darker. In some specimens the fore wings are slightly darker and / or a little more intense red color than the hind wings. A hemline may be present, be resolved into a series of elongated Saumflecken or even completely absent. The fringes are colored red and seem to be somewhat less brown than the ground color. Diskalflecke are rare and when present, is rather small and unimpressive.
The egg is approximately cylindrical with each flattened end; the upper end is also slightly thicker. It is initially light green and light green later just before the hatching of the Eiraupen. The surface is covered with 16 distinct longitudinal ribs which intersect with numerous but considerably weaker trained cross lines.
The caterpillar is relatively slim and is slightly thicker to the back end. The color is variable, ranging from yellow, brownish, slightly reddish to gray. The belly is greenish. The topline is relatively thin, but darker than the ground color. In the middle of the middle segments is slightly thickened. The relatively small, rounded and slightly red head has a longitudinal groove on the top.
The doll has the cremaster fine bristles.
Geographical distribution
The Violet Red Small clamper is also in Europe from the Iberian Peninsula in the West to the Ural Mountains. In the north to Denmark, southern Sweden, southern Finland. In England it has only a small down to earth deposits in East Anglia. In the south, the type is missing in most of the southern half of the Iberian Peninsula ( except for a small presence in Gibraltar), in Sicily, and the southern Greek islands. From Morocco is known an isolated occurrence in the Atlas Mountains. The species also occurs in the northern Turkey, the Caucasus region and the Crimea. To the east of the Ural Mountains, the occurrence extends over southern Siberia, the northern Central Asian mountains to the eastern Mongolia. However, the nature wanders over short and medium distances. This does not prove any Fund automatically also an earthiness.
Habitat
North of the Alps the species occurs only in dry and warm habitats, such as uncultivated grasslands, wastelands, poor grass, sand corridors, sand and gravel pits, heathlands, dry Raine and railway embankments and shrubbery rich calcareous grassland. North of the Alps the species occurs mainly in the planar level, the incidence is already evident in the hillock ex. Therefore, the species is usually found only up to about 500 m above sea level. In the Southern Alps and the Mediterranean region, the species rises to about 1000 m, under favorable conditions (very sunny and warm slopes ), to 1600 m at. In Morocco, Turkey and the Caucasus region, the species is out of the plane almost unknown. But you get there before until about 2200 m altitude.
Way of life
The type is in the distribution area north of the Alps usually bivoltin, ie there are usually formed two generations per year. Under adverse conditions, for example cold summer, even just a generation is formed. In the Mediterranean region, the species is usually bi-or trivoltin. The moths fly from mid-June to early August ( univoltine ), mid-May to late June and mid-July to mid-September ( bivoltin ), or from late April to early October ( trivoltin, slightly overlapping generations). The moths are diurnal and nocturnal. The day you can be observed in the sunshine when visiting flowers. With an overcast sky they sit in the vegetation, but can be easily startle. At night they come to artificial light sources, and also occasionally to the bait. The moths were observed on the flowers of the following plants: Dog- figwort ( Scrophularia canina ), less rattle ( Rhinanthus minor), Gelber Wau ( Reseda lutea), Hoary Ragwort ( Senecio erucifolius ), Broad-leaved Thyme (Thymus pulegioides ), alfalfa (Medicago sativa ) and carrot ( Daucus carota).
The caterpillars feed on preferred herbaceous plants. Eggs or caterpillars were found at: Austrian thyme (Thymus glabrescens ), heather ( Calluna vulgaris), field wormwood (Artemisia campestris ), sheep sorrel ( Rumex acetosella ), sand thyme (Thymus serpyllum ), hop clover ( Medicago lupulina ), vetches (Vicia ), birdsfoot trefoil ( Lotus ), clover ( Trifolium ), Scotch broom ( Cytisus scoparius ), Meadow diamonds ( Thalictrum ), Labkräuter ( Galium ), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and field bindweed ( Convolvulus arvensis). In breeding were also adopted some other plants.
System
The species was described in 1767 by Johann Siegfried Hufnagel under the name Phalaena rubiginata first time. The type locality is Berlin. Due to the variability in color and drawing it has been described with five other names: Geometra rubricata Denis & Schiffer Müller, 1775 Geometra vittata Thunberg, 1784 Phalaena domialla Fourcroy, 1785 Phalaena Geometra variata Villers, 1789 and idaea subangularia Herrich -Schäffer, 1839. they are all junior synonyms of scopula rubiginata Hufnagel, 1767th Within the very large genus scopula she is the eponymous type of rubiginata - type group.
Endangering
The style is seen throughout Germany not compromised. However, the situation is not the same in every state. In Bavaria it is potentially at risk, but there was always rare. In Saxony and Mecklenburg- Western Pomerania, it is classified as impaired (Category 3), in Lower Saxony even in Category 2 ( high risk ). In Hamburg it is already extinct.