Sebacinales
Earth wax crust ( Sebacina incrustans )
The wax crust relatives ( Sebacinaceae ) are the only family of the order of the wax -like crust ( Sebacinales ) and belong to the class of Agaricomycetes. The family contains 8 genera with 29 species. The world's widespread species are ground alive and usually only form inconspicuous fruiting bodies.
Features
Although the Sebacinales have only simple morphological blueprints, they are characterized by a surpassed by any other fungal diversity order, which are divided by phylogenetic analyzes in two subgroups (A and B). Only species from group A were examined morphologically, while species from group B usually endophytic live in plant roots and are therefore morphologically described only a little. The species that form fruiting bodies, have longitudinally split basidia and undivided pore caps ( Parenthosome in Doliporus ).
Dissemination
The genera and species are distributed worldwide. The fungi are so universally prevalent that no geographic pattern of distribution can be observed.
Ecology
The fungi live in the soil and are ecologically extremely diverse. Thus, they may form different mycorrhiza: known are ectomycorrhizal, Orchideenmycorrhiza ( for example with the Neottia ), ericoid mycorrhiza and even jungermannioide mycorrhiza. These species usually belong to group A. Group B species of the endophytic live mostly in plant roots. The host range is very broad, the fungi are found so far in 56 plant families, including mosses, ferns and seed plants. Given the presence in agriculturally important species such as maize or wheat, the use of Sebacinales to promote growth and pest control in crop plants is discussed.
System
The mycologist Robert Bandoni examined the ultrastructure of septa by transmission electron microscope and placed the family in pursuance thereof Doliporus in the relationship of the order of the ear lobe Fungal ( Auriculariales ). However, molecular genetic analyzes did not confirm this - the order Sebacinales is clear on its own. Presumably, they form a sister group to the Erdsternen. In addition to the classification of Sebacinales in group A and group B the systematics within the order is currently unclear. Thus the genera Efibulobasidium, Sebacina and Tremellodendron are not monophyletic. Recently it was shown that the types Sebacina Epigaea and Sebacina incrustans are not monophyletic and represent cryptic species.
The wax crust relatives are the only family of the order. It currently comprises 8 genera:
- Craterocolla ( crater fungi)
- Ditangium
- Efibulobasidium Efibulobasidium albescens
- Rolleyi Efibulobasidium
- Piriformospora indica
- Piriformospora williamsii
- Sebacina allantoidea
- Sebacina dimitica
- Sebacina Epigaea ( opal wax crust )
- Sebacina incrustans (earth wax crust )
- Sebacina vermifera