Sergey Alexeyevich Lebedev
Sergei Alekseyevich Lebedev ( Sergei Alekseyevich Lebedev ), Russian Сергей Алексеевич Лебедев, (born 20 Oktoberjul / November 2 1902greg in Nizhny Novgorod, .. † 3 July 1974 in Moscow) was a Russian electrical engineer and computer pioneer.
Life
His parents were teachers. From 1924 to April 1928, he studied electrical engineering at the Moscow Higher Technical School ( MHTS ). He then worked until 1946 at the All-Union Electrotechnical Institute, the Charles Krug had seven years earlier. He was interested in high voltage engineering and the control of supply networks.
In 1939 he acquired with the development of a theory for the artificial stability of electrical systems his doctorate.
During the Second World War he worked on automatic rules of complex systems. His group developed a targeting device for tanks and a navigation system for missiles. To perform this work, he developed until 1945 an analog computer for solving differential equations.
How his wife Alissa Grigoryevna remembered, he was sitting in the first months of the war, while Moscow was the purpose of air defense in the dark, in the bathroom and scribbled in the glow of the gas boiler "ones" and " zeros ".
In 1946 he became director of the Electrotechnical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in Kiev. For its further improvements in the stability of electrical systems in 1950 he was awarded the Stalin Prize.
From foreign magazines Lebedev had learned that Western countries are working on the development of electronic computers. In the fall of 1948, he thereupon sent the work of his laboratory on the construction of its own electronic computing machine. On November 6, 1950, the MESM ( Malaya Elektronnaya Schetnaya Mashina, Small electronic calculating machine ) with approximately 6,000 electron tubes was first put into operation. Their performance was 50 floating point operations per second ( RpS ).
Similar projects pursued at that time independently in the Soviet Union Bashir Ramejew ( Strela ) and Isaak Bruk (M -1).
Mid- 1951, Lebedev Director of the newly established Department of digital computer at the Moscow Institute of Mechanics and Computing Technology of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. There he began working on the BESM -1 ( Bystrodeystvuyushchaya Elektronnaya Schetnaya Mashina, Fast Electronic Calculating Machine ), which was completed in 1952. Their performance was 1,000 RpS. It was provisionally but not produced in series, since the Ministry had developed its own machine for machine and instrument building. Only the BESM -2, a further development of the BESM -1, now with 8,000 RpS was allowed to go into production in 1958. This was, inter alia, for the calculation of satellite orbits and the calculation for the trajectory used to the moon. In the following years developed Lebedev computer the M- series (from 1957 ) and the BESM -6 ( 1965, about 1,000,000 RpS ), who was involved, inter alia, on the Apollo - Soyuz Test Project and produced until 1984 been.
In 1952, Lebedev professor at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology. From 1953, he was ( as successor to MALavrentiev ) director of the Moscow Institute of Mechanics and Computing Technology - today bears the Lebedev Institute name. In 1970, just sick and no longer at the Institute, he was awarded the Order of Lenin.
Lebedev is interred at the Moscow Novodevichy Cemetery. In 1996, he was posthumously awarded the Computer Pioneer Award from the IEEE Computer Society.