Shumen
Shumen [ ʃumɛn ], Bulgarian Шумен, is a city in Eastern Bulgaria. From 1950 to 1965, the city's name Kolarowgrad.
Geographical location
Shumen lies on the eastern slope of the Shumen Plateau, surrounded on three sides by mountains, on average 184 meters above sea level.
History
Shumen is situated a few kilometers ( 681-893 ) and Preslav ( 893-982 ) and the Madara Horseman from the first two principal cities of the First Bulgarian Empire Pliska. On the occasion of the 1300 anniversary of Bulgaria, a memorial was erected in 1981 in Shumen.
Three kilometers west of the current Shumen, at the height Hisarlak, on the Shumen Plateau, lies the ancient city, over which a 1,500-year -old strong fortress of Shumen is located.
1387 could Ottoman forces led by Sultan Murad I take the city by the Bulgarians. Archaeological finds show that the city was not destroyed, suggesting a peaceful surrender.
After their storming 1444 the Polish king Władysław III. Warneńczyk (1424-1444) was burned down and leave the city. Later, the city was re- applied to its present location in the valley. In the following centuries of Ottoman rule Shumen was the seat of a strong garrison a major element of the Ottoman fortress quadrilateral Shumen Silistra - Varna Russian with a multiethnic population.
1828, the first girls convent school, and in 1856 the first secular school for girls was opened in Shumen. 1850 the first Bulgarian symphony orchestra was founded in the city.
1849-1851 lived here the Hungarian freedom fighter Lajos Kossuth ( 1802-1894 ) with about 2,000 Hungarian and Polish patriots in exile. The city was liberated in Ottoman-Russian War (1877-1878) and incorporated after the Treaty of San Stefano in the Principality of Bulgaria. In the following period emigrated part of the Turkish and Muslim population of the city.
Culture and sights
Worth seeing are the Tombul Mosque of 1745, the largest mosque in Bulgaria and one of the largest mosques in the entire Balkans. The Tompul Mosque was built in the 18th century with the blocks of stone from the nearby, early medieval historical town of Pliska, which was the capital of the First Bulgarian Empire 679-893. The ruins of Pliska were used as a quarry for the Ottoman construction projects mainly in Shumen and Varna. Furthermore, the clock tower, built in 1740 and the bazaar from the 16th century and near the City of Forest Park and, at the height, an impressive, sprawling archaeological site of the old walled city, citadel, three-aisled basilica and others.
The city is the birthplace of Panayot Wolow (1847-1876) and other representatives of the Bulgarian National Revival and of Vassil Kolarov (1877-1950), a close associates of Georgi Dimitrov ( 1882-1949 ). Busts you have been erected in the city in honor.
- House-Museum Dobri Wojnikow
Economy and infrastructure
Shumen is an industrial city ( Lastkraftwagenbau, chemical, aluminum, textile, food and beverage industry ), education center with universities, libraries, and transport hub (road and railway).
Sons and daughters of the town
- Dobri Wojnikow (1833-1878), Bulgarian revivalist
- Kliment Turnowski (1838-1901), archbishop, writer and politician
- Yusuf Ismail (1857-1898), Turkish wrestler
- Stojan Danew (1858-1949), politician and Prime Minister of Bulgaria
- Vasil Kolarov (1877-1950), communist leader
- Ahmet Fikri Tüzer (1878-1942), Turkish statesman
- Pancho Wladigerow (1899-1978), composer and pianist
- Veselin Stoyanov (1902-1969), composer
- Todor Kolev, (1939-2013), actor