Sisymbrium loeselii

Loesels arugula ( Sisymbrium loeselii ), illustration.

Loesels arugula ( Sisymbrium loeselii ) is a species of the genus rauks ( Sisymbrium ) and belongs to the family of cruciferous plants ( Brassicaceae). It is west and central Asia spread in the continental areas of the temperate zones of Europe, far and in Central Europe a neophyte.

• 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and foliage leaf

Loesels arugula grows as a ( winter annual ) to two perennial herbaceous plant, reaching heights of growth of usually 35 to 120 ( 20 to 175 ) cm. It forms a thin taproot. The upright stem is branched at the top. It is especially in the lower part densely hairy rough with reflexed trichomes, mostly bald at the top.

The hairy leaves are distributed in basal rosettes and alternate on the stem. The 1-4 (rarely to 5 ) cm long stalked basal leaves have a length of usually 2.5 to 8 ( 1.5 to 12 ) cm and a width of usually 2-5 ( 1-7 ) cm wide in outline wrong - lanceolate leaf blade, which is schrotsägeförmig - to - lyre-shaped pinnate, with on each side of the midrib from one to four ganzrandigen or toothed sections and a large, triangular, often petty -shaped end portion. The top only briefly until barely recognizable stalked stem leaves are much smaller than the basal leaves with a width of up to 1.5 cm and have a smooth or toothed margin.

Inflorescence / fruit stand

The flowering period extends, depending on the location of May to September or even to early November. The first schirmtraubige, grapey later by stretching of the inflorescence axis inflorescence contains 50 to 100 flowers during the fruit ripening of the fruit stand is then up to 30 (rarely to 40) cm long.

Flower

The hermaphroditic, fourfold flowers have a diameter 6-8 mm. The four ascending sepals are elongated with a length of 3 to 4 mm and a width of 1 to 1.5 mm. The four yellow petals are of a length of 6 to 8 mm and a width of 2 to 3 mm with a spatula-shaped nail which is provided with a length of 2.5 to 3.5 mm, almost the same length as the sepals. The six stamens consist of a 3 to 4.5 mm long, erect, yellowish stamens and one with a length of 0.6 to 1.5 mm oblong to ovate anthers. The unobtrusive, compact pen is 0.3 to 0.7 mm long, ending in a distinctly two-lobed stigma. Each ovary contains 40-60 ovules.

Fruit and seeds

The fruits mature from June to October. The Straddling protruding or ascending, usually 0.8 to 1.2 ( 0.5 to 1.5 ) cm long, narrow fruit stalks are thinner than the fruit. The young fruits do not protrude beyond the petals. The curved or straight pods are usually having a length of 2 to 3.5 (1.5 to 5) cm and a diameter of 0.9 to 1.1 mm wide, and more or less linear stalk around. The two almost membranous flaps have three nerves and are often bare. The septum is translucent .. The (15 to ) usually 25 to 30 mature seeds are characterized as weak perlschnurartiges pattern on the flap off. They are brown and a length of 0.7 to 1 mm and a diameter of 0.5 to 0.6 mm oblong- ellipsoid with some papillöser surface.

Chromosome number

Loesels rocket is diploid with a chromosome number of 2n = 14

Occurrence

Loesels rocket in the temperate latitudes of Europe, West and Central Asia is widespread in the continental areas. As a natural home sites are indicated: Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, the Chinese province of Xinjiang, the Indian subcontinent, Belarus, Russia, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Romania, northern Greece, the former Yugoslavia, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary and eastern Austria.

It is naturalized in climatically relevant areas of North America. In Central Europe are natural occurrences in Hungary, suspected in the Bohemian Elbgebiet and in the Vienna Basin. From their natural range of Sisymbrium loeselii has expanded its distribution area since the 17th century to Central Europe. It is now in eastern Central Europe spread to often, otherwise scattered to find until rare.

They moved often sociable in premolars weed corridors of debris and waste places, on walls, on roads and dams on nutrient-rich soils. As a pioneer plant it prefers light and summer heat. It is a characteristic species of the association Sisymbrion that includes annuals ruderal in moderately warm climates.

System

The first publication of Sisymbrium loeselii was in 1755 by Linnaeus. The specific epithet honors loeselii the German physician and botanist John Loesel (1607-1655), which was held in Gdansk, the immigrant type 1654. Synonyms for Sisymbrium loeselii L. are: Crucifera loeselii (L.) EHLKrause, Erysimum loeselii (L.) Rupr, Erysimum loeselii Farw, Hesperis loeselii (L.) Kuntze, Leptocarpaea loeselii (L.) DC, Nasturtium loeselium. .. (L.) Krause, Norta loeselii (L.) Rydb., Sisymbrium decipiens Bunge, Sisymbrium glabratum Stapf ex OESchulz, Sisymbrium loeselii var brevicarpum CHAn, Sisymbrium turcomanicum Litv. , Turritis loeselii (L.) R.Br..

Swell

• Ihsan A. Al - Shehbaz, John F. Gaskin: Brassicaceae. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee ( eds.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 7: Magnoliophyta: Salicaceae to Brassicaceae, Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford et al 2010, ISBN 978-0-19-531822-7, p 669 ( limited preview on Google Book Search ). Sisymbrium loeselii - online. (Sections Description, distribution and systematics)
• Tai - Yien Cheo, Lianli Lu, Guang Yang, Ihsan Al- Shehbaz & Vladimir Dorofeev: Brassicaceae. In Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven (eds.): Flora of China. Volume 8: Brassicaceae through Saxifragaceae, Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2001, ISBN 0-915279-93-2, p 178 Sisymbrium loeselii - online. ( Description section )