Sisymbrium

Way - rocket ( Sisymbrium officinale ) Illustration by Jacob Sturm

Rauks ( Sisymbrium ) is the only genus of the tribe Sisymbrieae in the plant family of the cruciferous plants (Brassicaceae ). The approximately 41 species occur in the temperate regions of Eurasia and North America, as well as some species in subtropical and tropical highlands before. In many parts of the world, some species are neophytes.

The Senfrauken, including rocket counts, form another genus, the species of double seeds ( Diplotaxis ) are popularly called tendrils.

Description

Sisymbrium species grow as single-, two-year or perennial herbaceous plants. The plant parts are occupied bald or with mostly simple hairs. Their leaves are pinnately lobed to undivided.

Their flowers are often initially in schirmtraubigen, later to stretching of the inflorescence axis in racemose inflorescences. The sepals are out bags at most indistinct. The petals are obovate to spatulate and yellow. There are six stamens present, and the stamens are without appendages. The nectaries are created annular.

The linear pods have two one-to three pesky fruit flaps. The seeds are in a row.

Systematics and distribution

Sisymbrium is the only genus of the tribe Sisymbrieae in the family Brassicaceae. The Tribe Sisymbrieae in 1821 by Augustin- de Candolle in Pyrame Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat., 7, pp. 237 first published under the name " Sisymbreae ". The genus name Sisymbrium was first published in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, 2, pp. 657-660. Synonyms for Sisymbrium L. are: Alaida F.Dvorák, Coelophragmus OESchulz, Dimitria Ravenna, Dimorphostemon Kitag, Lycocarpus OESchulz, Mostacillastrum OESchulz, Webb & Berthel Pachypodium, Phlebiophragmus OESchulz, Schoenocrambe Greene, Velarum Rchb. .. When generic name Sisymbrium is a Latinized ancient Greek name which was used by Dioscorides and Pliny for various " mustard " species.

About 41 species occur ( eight species), as well as some species in subtropical and tropical highlands before ( ten species in China, seven species in Pakistan) and North America in the temperate zones of Eurasia. In many parts of the world, some species are neophytes.

There are about 41 Sisymbrium species ( selection):

  • Hungarian rocket ( Sisymbrium altissimum L.): The original distribution area is located in South - Eastern Europe and Asia. For example, in the New World and New Zealand it is a neophyte.
  • Sisymbrium assoanum Loscos & Pardo, distribution: Spain
  • Austrian rocket ( Sisymbrium austriacum Jacq. )
  • Sisymbrium brassiciforme CAMeyer, distribution: Asia
  • Sisymbrium cavanillesianum Castroviejo & Valdés - Bermejo, distribution: Spain
  • Sisymbrium confertum Steven ex Turcz. , Occurs in European Turkey and the Crimea
  • Sisymbrium crassifolium Cav., Arrives in Europe in Spain and Portugal
  • Sisymbrium erysimoides Desf, distribution area. Southern Europe, North Africa, Asia and the Azores
  • Sisymbrium glaucescens Phil, distribution: Argentina, Chile
  • Sisymbrium heteromallum CAMeyer, distribution: Asia
  • Sisymbrium irio L., area of ​​distribution: Southern Europe, North Africa, Asia, America and Australia abducted
  • Sisymbrium linifolium ( Nutt. ) Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray ( Syn: Schoenocrambe linifolia ( Nutt. ) Greene), area of ​​distribution: North America
  • Loesels arugula ( Sisymbrium loeselii L.) distribution: Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, introduced into North America
  • Sisymbrium luteum ( Maxim. ) OESchulz, distribution: East Asia, China
  • Sisymbrium macroloma Pomel, arrives in Europe in Spain, France, Greece and in Turkey
  • Way - rocket ( Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scopoli ) Coverage: Asia, Europe, North Africa, or deported world
  • Oriental arugula ( Sisymbrium orientale L.) Coverage: Asia, Europe, North Africa, introduced into North and South America
  • Sisymbrium polyceratium L., occurs in Southern Europe
  • Sisymbrium polymorphum ( Murray ) Roth, is found in Eastern Europe and Asia
  • Sisymbrium runcinatum Lag ex DC. , Comes in Europe in Portugal, Spain and France.
  • Stiff Rocket ( Sisymbrium strictissimum L.) distribution: Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe
  • Low arugula ( Sisymbrium supinum L.), it is only found in Europe, in France, in Switzerland, the Baltic states and in southern Sweden, came earlier but also in West Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands
  • Volga - rocket ( Sisymbrium volgense M. Bieb ex E. Fourn. . ) Coverage: Eastern Europe, or even deported to Europe
  • Sisymbrium yunnanense WWSmith: It occurs only in the Chinese provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan.

Swell

  • Ihsan A. Al - Shehbaz: Brassicaceae in the Flora of North America, Volume 7, 2010, p 666: Sisymbrieae - Online. (Section Description, distribution and systematics)
  • Tai - Yien Cheo, Lianli Lu, Guang Yang, Ihsan Al- Shehbaz & Vladimir Dorofeev: Brassicaceae in the Flora of China, Volume 8, 2001, p 177: Sisymbrium - Online. (Section Description and systematics)
  • Martin mist and Others: General section. Special section ( Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta ). Ulmer, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3309-1 ( The ferns and flowering plants of Baden -Württemberg, Volume 2).
  • Rolf Wisskirchen, Henning Haeupler: Standard list of the ferns and flowering plants in Germany. Ulmer, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-8001-3360-1.
  • Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen: Atlas florae Europaeae. Volume 10 Cruciferae ( Sisymbrium to Aubrieta ). Page 15-29, Helsinki 1994. ISBN 951-9108-09-2
Augustin Pyramus de Candolle Perennial plant Agricultural Research Service
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