Solanum pimpinellifolium
Solanum pimpinellifolium
Solanum pimpinellifolium ( syn. Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium ) is ( Solanum sect. Lycopersicon ) a species of the section of the tomato in the genus Solanum (Solanum ).
- 4.1 Notes and references
- 4.2 Main sources
Description
Vegetative characteristics
Solanum pimpinellifolium is a herbaceous plant which can be annual, biennial or perennial grow. It grows initially upright, but later prostrate and climbing and reaches lengths of up to 3 m from the center starting. The stems have at the base a diameter of 8 mm to 11 mm, are green and usually sparse ( rarely also up tight velvety ) hair. The trichomes are to be divided into several types. Most common are single row, one-to two-cell, white, thin and about 0.5 mm long trichomes, which arise from a single cell basis. In between sparse glandular trichomes with unicellular and multicellular trichomes are present. Only occasionally, as in some northern Peruvian populations there are bigger and stronger, one-celled, up to 1 mm long trichomes, which arise from a multicellular base. This can be nichtdrüsige and glandular trichomes, which are provided with a fine, single-celled head.
The sympodial units usually have three leaves, the internodes are 2-8 cm long. The leaves are interrupted unpaired pinnate, 4-12 cm long and 1.5 to 8 cm wide. They are sparsely to densely hairy with glandular trichomes and nichtdrüsigen. The coat is pronounced clearly velvety and along the veins and on the bottom. Similar to the rungs and the undersides of leaves of some northern Peruvian populations along the veins are filled with powerful trichomes. The main part sheets are available in two to four pairs, they take to the leaf base slightly in size to, are elliptic or broadly elliptic to ovate shaped or broadly ovate. The base is cut heart-shaped or occasionally wrong, and enlarged on the side facing away from the apex. The leaf margin is entire, rounded or slightly notched serrated in the upper third. The tip is slightly rounded, pointed or tapered. The terminally Related parts sheet is 2.5 to 5 cm long and 1 to 3.5 inches wide and stands at a 0.5 to 2 cm long pedicels, the largest side stationary part leaves are 1.5 to 3.5 cm long, 1 to 2 cm wide and are long pedicels to 0.5 to 0.7 cm. The base of the Teilblattstielchen usually runs down to the leaf axis. Part leaves second and third order are missing, added intermediate part leaves are little available, usually one to four couples. This intermediate part leaves have a length of 0.5 to 1.2 cm and a width of 0.2 to 0.7 cm, are sessile or have up to 0.2 cm long stalks. The distance between the lateral portion and the intermediate primary leaves is variable and varies usually between 0.5 to 2 cm. The petiole of the leaf is total ( rarely 0.8) 1.5 to 5 cm long, apparent stipules absent.
Inflorescences and flowers
The 4 to 25 cm long inflorescences are usually branched or unbranched, occasionally once. They consist of 7 to 30 flowers are tragblattlos and stand at 2-3 (rarely to 5 ) cm long inflorescence stems. They are similar to hairy stems, but have more glandular trichomes with multicellular heads. The flower stems are 1 to 1.3 cm long and bent articulated in the upper end.
The buds are 0.5 to 1.2 cm long and elongated conical. Shortly before flowering, the crown is more than 2/ 3 to 3 /4 on the chalice. At flowering, the calyx tube is 0.05 to 0.1 cm long. The accreting it calyx lobes are 0.25 to 0.5 mm long and 0.1 to 0.25 inches wide, they are lanceolate and densely pubescent with uniseriate trichomes. The star-shaped, pale to bright yellow crown has a diameter of 1.2 to 3 cm, the corolla tube is 0.1 to 0.25 inches long. The detached corolla lobes are 1 to 1.5 cm long and 0.2 to 0.4 cm wide. You are busy on the outer sides of the tips tightly with fine white trichomes and strongly bent back in the heyday backwards.
The tubular fused stamens are 0.7 to 1 cm long and straight. The stamens are 0.5 to 1 mm, the anthers 0.5 to 0.7 mm and a sterile, befindlicher located at the top of Appendix 0.3 to 0.4 mm long. The ovary is conical to spherical and hairless. The stylus is 0.7 to 1 mm in length and measuring about 0.5 mm in diameter. In the lower third, with dense coat knows he is not, or only 0.5 to 1 mm above the stamen tube out. The scar is capitate and green.
Fruit and seeds
The fruits are up to 1 cm in diameter, spherical, two-chamber and bright red when ripe berries. They are hairy during fruit growth weakly to densely glandular. The trichomes are single row, about 0.5 mm long and have multicellular or unicellular heads. When ripe, the fruits are verkahlt. The flower stalks are elongated in the fruit of 1.5 to 2 cm in length, straight or at the joint point bent toward the inflorescence axis. The calyx lobes are enlarged in the fruit to 1 to 1.2 cm in length and 0.25 to 0.4 cm wide and sharply bent so that they are parallel to the stem. The fruits contain 2 to 3 mm long, 1 to 2.3 mm wide and 0.5 to 0.8 mm thick seed. They are obovate, wings narrow at the top and at the base tapering to a point. They are pale brown in color and covered with hair -like outgrowths of the outer cells of the seed coat. These are either lying and the seeds a velvety surface giving or shaggy.
Dissemination and locations
The original distribution of Solanum pimpinellifolium is probably the coastal area in northern Peru, as well as in southern Chile, where it grows at altitudes between 0 and 500 m. Populations from Ecuador and higher altitudes in northern Peru are probably caused by introgression with the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum ) and are characterized by stronger notched leaves and differences in the hair from. On the Galapagos Islands, the species has been introduced and crosses there with the native wild tomato, Solanum example cheesmaniae.
The species grows in damp locations, such as at the edges of fields and farmlands.
System
Solanum pimpinellifolium is very closely related to the tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) and crosses very easily with it, creating a distinction between the two types is not very easy. Phylogenetic analyzes provide the style as a sister taxon to a group consisting of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) and Solanum cheesmaniae there.