Song

Song ( from MHG liet, " verse " ) is the collective term for small, almost structured compositions of music and singing. This short form is found in all cultures.

History

The song is the most original and simplest form of poetry in which the human emotion is a pure and intense means of expression in his moods and relationships. The ballad was a popular, epic and strophic song from knightly circles, which later became the folklore in the Middle Ages. This includes the "Song to the farewell scene between Elizabeth and Ludwig of Thuringia " from 1227 at the start of Louis crusade. Jörg Widmann praises in " Ain beautiful song of Vilshofen " in 1504 the city's defenders. Hans Umperlin wrote a poem in 1516, in which he says of himself at the end: " The liedlin us the newes sings / who calls himself Hans Umperlin / he has zwelf living child ... "

The word " folk song " comes from Johann Gottfried Herder, so terms like " popular song ", " peasant song " and " Cantio rusticalis " repressed. When folk song a singable melody was an essential prerequisite, so that it could anyone sing without special vocal training. By 1778, published by Herder collections "voices of the peoples of songs ", attention is focused first on the folk song in Europe. From the beginning of the early Romantic period to the popular song ( 1806 Des Knaben Wunderhorn Clemens Brentano, ) is regarded as the reflection of the " national spirit ", summarized in famous collections. It was a popularly arisen or aufgegriffenes song from him. The folk song has been considered as ideal-typical song form because of its strophic form and the catchy melody.

By Franz Schubert was the song to a more complex form of art, which led to a split in serious and entertaining song forms about 1830. This leads to the subsequent division into E, U and F- Music, which had its origin in the desire of the GEMA, to promote the quality, but not lucrative art developed. The controversial allocation is made only by the GEMA. It means that a composer of classical music gets the eightfold royalties of a popular music composer for publication.

Species

The clear structured song form has historical dimensions and has regional and stylistic variety from simple folk songs to accompany art song. The song can be divided into various song genres according to his text, his compositional technique, occupation, and its aesthetic appeal.

The lyrics have always treated the different life situations of man, his environment, nature and other topics. Main representatives of this form is the folk song. The compositional structure coincides generally with the verse structure, so that when the end of verse also the part of sentence ends. This portion is part of the metric as the doctrine of musical syntax. German folk songs are usually upbeat structured because their text begins with unstressed syllables. At all levels of sentence structure which each successive element is considered more significant than the previous ( " Auftaktigkeit "). When one speaks of occupation choral choral song, piano and voice called art song with often decorated by intervallic leaps melodies. It is the "Lecture song trained voices and companion ." Music Aesthetic distinction is often made between songs in the E, U and F - Music, a controversial organization that is strictly enforced only by GEMA.

Songs can be transmitted orally (such as folk songs, religious- cultic, fight-or dance songs ) or musical work dating back to the composer. They consist of several identically structured, usually rhyming stanzas or a varying -composed melody for each stanza.

A song can be sung by a soloist, an ensemble, a choir, a cappella or accompanied by musical instruments.

Properties

In the foreground is the singable, usually limited in range, rhythmic- metric usually the speech flow of the text following melody which follows a text - sound relationship. Except for the art song a song without special vocal training is reproducible. A song is therefore not a complicated structure and has simple melodies and shapes. The typical song form is in three parts (A -B -A). The first few bars (A) followed by a melodic new part ( B), adjoined by the melody of the first part (A). Therefore belong to this song form the present-day hit and the entire pop music.

Song types

• Folk songs, often in the form of Love Song, Spring Song, etc.
• Morning, evening song

• Hymn
• Intercession, thanksgiving and praise, grace
• Psalms, Advent song Christmas Song
• Or in forms such as solo cantata, oratorio

• National anthem, cantatas, madrigals
• Couplet, Quodlibet, canon, etc.
• Pop, chanson, pop.
• Ballad or rap

Others

The word " song" is partially in neighboring European countries with German culture associated ( " le song " in France, "the song " in England). Their words for the song ( chanson in France, " Song," " Tune" or " Hymn" in England) have been partially incorporated into the German language, especially when it comes to French or Anglo-Saxon art.