South Estonian language
Spoken in
- South Estonian language
-
Fiu
Vro ( Võro )
As South Estonian dialects - some researchers speak of a South-Estonian language ( lõunaeesti cule ), Estonian lõunaeesti keel - one calls Finno-Ugric dialects in the south of present-day Estonia. It mainly includes the language varieties Võro, Tartu, Mulgi and Seto.
According to traditional linguistic opinion is the South-Estonian today to dialectal variants of the North Estonian, which is considered standard Estonian since the end of the 19th century. According to some authors the South Estonian the Baltic-Finnic group of the Uralic languages belongs to, ie is independent Uralic language.
History
The history of the South Estonian written language begins with the translation of the New Testament ( Wastne Testament) in 1686 to the South Estonian, long before there was a translation into the North Estonian language. The South Estonian language had its heyday from the 17th to the 19th century. Your default language was based on the dialect of the Livonian Tartu and its surrounding area, the Baltic training center at that time.
Only with the first complete translation of the Bible in the North Estonian language in 1739 began a gradual decline of the South-Estonian. An additional blow had been before the fire Tartus and the complete deportation of the indigenous population by Russian troops in 1708. 1806 appeared the first Estonian newspaper, Tarto -ma Rahwa Näddali leht in südestnischer language. By 1880, the influence of the South-Estonian went back almost completely. However, published John Hurt 1885 in Tartu still the most important reading book in Võro, the Wastne Voronezh Keeli ABD Raamat ( "New ABC Book of Võro language ").
The Estonian national movement finally demanded that there should be only one Estonian. The North Estonian capital Tallinn as the political and economic center finally prevailed. At the end of the 19th century in southern Estonia was completely marginalized. With the proclamation of the Republic of Estonia in 1918, it virtually disappeared and became the vernacular and pure colloquial.
Southern Estonia today
Since the 1980s, the South Estonian language is experiencing a renaissance. Today, she is promoted again. Especially Võro gaining strength, as it is used in the national media and in the schools. The attempts to establish Võro as South Estonian language standard, are supported by the Estonian state. It is also taught at the University of Tartu.
The state was founded in 1995 with headquarters in Võru Võru Instituut dedicated to the scientific study of language and gives a dictionary Võro - Estonian out. It reports to the Estonian Ministry of Culture. The Estonian government supports the program " South Estonian Language and Culture" ( Lõunaeesti keel yes Kultuur ) the strengthening of the language and culture of Southern Estonia, mainly on the basis of Võro; Tartu and Mulgi, however, are almost extinct as a written language. Seto has as an identity element of the people of Setukesen still some importance.
Famous authors who also write on southern Estonia, today the poet Mats Traat and Nikolai Baturin (both born 1936 ). When Euro Vision Song Contest 2004 in Istanbul, the Estonian girl band Neiokõsõ approached with a song in südestnischer language for their country.
Particularities of South-Estonian
The South Estonian differs from standard Estonian due to its pronunciation, word order, syntax and vocabulary.
Some differences from the standard Estonian are:
- The third person singular in Standard Estonian has always been a -b as an ending. In the South-Estonian they can be formed in two ways: either with the suffix -s or endingless. The double conjugation there except in Võro only in Seto and Karelian.
- Shaping the South Estonian is the vowel harmony, which do not exist in Standard Estonian. "Village " is therefore called in standard Estonian küla, külä in South-Estonian.
- When negation is the negation particle in the standard Estonian always before the verb, in the South-Estonian mostly after.
- The nominative plural is formed in the standard Estonian by adding a -d, but is displayed in the South-Estonian by a glottal closure, which by the letter q. The glottal closure makes the South Estonian " jerky " compared to the more uniform North Estonian.
Samples
Our Father ( Meie ESAE ) in the old South-Estonian literary language (Tartu )
Meie ESAE taiwan: pühendetüs saagu sino nimi. Sino riik tulgu. Sino tahtmine sündigu kui taiwan, Niida ka maa pääl. Meie päiwälikku leibä anna mile täämbä. Nink anna mile andis meie süü, Niida kui ka meie andis ToName omile süidläisile. Nink aerae saada meid center kiusatuse Sisse; close pästä meid aerae kurjast: sest sino perält om riik, Nink wägi, Nink awwustus igäwätses ajas. Aamen.
Our Father (Wed ESAE ) in modern South-Estonian literary language ( Võro )
Wed ESAE Taivan: pühendedüs saaguq sino nimi. Sino riik tulguq. Sino tahtminõ sündkuq, ku Taivan, nii maa ka pääl. Wed päävälikku leibä annaq mile täämbä. Nink annaq mile andis mi süüq, nii ku ka mi andis anna umilõ süüdläisile. Ni saatku -i meid joht kiusatusõ Sisse, a pästäq meid ärq kur'ast, selle et sino perält om riik yes Vagi ni avvustus igävädses aos. Aamon.
Our Father ( Meie isa ) in modern standard Estonian
Meie isa, Sa oled kes taevas: pühitsetud olgu Sinu nimi. Sinu riik tulgu. Sinu tahtmine sündigu, nagu taevas Nonda maa ka peal. Meie igapäevast LEIBA anna mile Tänapäev. Yes anna mile andeks meie võlad nagu meiegi andeks ToName oma võlglastele. Yes era saada meid kiusatusse, vaid päästa meid era kurjast. Sest Sinu päralt on riik yes yes Vagi igavesti au. Aamen.