Ștefan Procopiu
Ştefan Procopiu (Romanian [ ʃtefan prokopi.u ] ) ( born January 19, 1890 in Bârlad, Romania, † August 22, 1972 in Iaşi ) was a Romanian physicist.
Life
Procopiu was born in 1890 in Bârlad. His father Emanoil Procopiu was an employee of the City Court Bârlad. His mother Ecaterina Tasca was the daughter of Gheorghe I. Tasca. He attended the 1901-1908 Gheorghe Roşca Codreanu High School in Bârlad 1908-1912 and studied physics and chemistry at the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi. After graduating, he worked as assistant to Professor Dragomir Hurmuzescu.
In 1919 he set upon receipt of a scholarship continued his studies in Paris, where he attended courses of famous scientists, such as Gabriel Lippmann, Marie Curie, Paul Langevin or Aimé Cotton. On March 5, 1924 Procopiu received the doctorate. Subject of his doctoral thesis was included " for the electrical birefringence in suspensions " (French original title Sur la électrique birefringence of suspensions ), which he presented an audit committee, to which also Aimé Cotton as coordinator and Charles Fabry and Henri Mouton as a second examiner.
On January 15, 1925, he returned to Romania and was the successor of his former professor Dragomir Hurmuzescu, as head of the department with research interests gravity, heat and electricity at the University of Iaşi. At the same time he took a professorship at the " Gheorghe Asachi " Polytechnic Institute of Iasi. During this time, Ştefan Procopiu published his treatise on " Electricity and Magnetism " (1939 ), followed by his monograph on thermodynamics (1948 ). Procopiu was head of department until his retirement in 1962.
In June 1948, he was appointed corresponding member of the Academy of the Romanian Academy, whose full membership he received on July 2, 1955. In 1964 the Romanian State Prize he was awarded. Other awards he received were the Order of the work ( Ordinul Muncii ), the Star of Romania and the Scientific Merit. Procopiu was twice a member of the Nobel Committee.
In addition to his scientific work, Ştefan Procopiu was also an active member of the Executive Board of the National Theatre Iasi.
Ştefan Procopiu died on August 22, 1972 in Iasi, Romania, at the age of 82 years.
Scientific activity
His entry into the research was carried out before graduating. As an assistant professor, he continued his research.
To the magnetic moment of the electron
His first important publication is " to determine the molecular magnetic moment according to M. Planck's quantum theory " ( Determining the Molecular Magnetic Moment by M. Planck 's Quantum Theory ). It is determined on the basis of the quantum theory of Max Planck and the theory of magnetism of Langevin the physical constant of the magnetic moment of the electron, which is named Bohr magneton. Regardless of Procopiu came two years later, the Danish physicist Niels Bohr to the same size, which was subsequently named after him. In honor of Procopiu the term drilling Procopiu Magneton is used for the magnetic moment of the electron in some circles today.
After further research, he developed in 1954 an experimental method for the measurement of the magneton, which he improved in 1964.
Research before and during the First World War
Ştefan Procopiu also conducted research in the field of wireless communications and published in 1913 a publication entitled " Experimental research in the field of wireless telegraphy " ( Experimental Research on Wireless Telegraphy ). His inventions also includes an apparatus for locating metallic projectiles in the bodies of wounded soldiers.
Longitudinal depolarization of light
In the physics laboratory at the University of Sorbonne in 1921 Procopiu examined the optical phenomenon of longitudinal depolarization of light in suspensions and colloids. The phenomenon was described in 1930 as " Procopiu phenomenon" by Prof. Augustin Boutaric. A portion of these findings was published in Procopius dissertation.
Electromotive force on galvanic elements
In 1930 Procopiu dealt with the Barkhausen effect and discovered the circular effect of magnetic discontinuity in 1951, the name " Procopiu effect" got. This discovery had important applications in the development of memory chips for computers.
Investigation of the geomagnetic field
The magnetic field of the earth presented a great interest for Procopiu dar. He conducted research for 25 years around this phenomenon in Romania and produced the first magnetic maps of the country. An important finding here was the discovery of a magnetic anomaly on the line Iasi Botosani, as well as the discovery of periodicities in the temporal variation of the geomagnetic field.
Publications
- Library of Congress