Stefan Żeromski

Stefan Żeromski ( [ stɛfan ʐɛrɔmski ]); ( Born October 14, 1864 in Strawczyn near Kielce, † November 20, 1925 in Warsaw) was a Polish writer.

Life

Stefan Żeromski came from impoverished Polish gentry. His father took part in the January Uprising 1863/1864 against the Russian occupation, which is why the family had been expropriated after its suppression. In 1973/74 he attended the village school in Psary and then from 1874 to 1886 the high school in Kielce, which he, due to tuberculosis disease left without school-leaving exam. His experiences there he processed later in the novel Sisyphean task. He then went to Warsaw, where he studied veterinary medicine. The study he had in 1988, cancel after the death of his parents, for financial reasons. Therefore Żeromski 1889 tutor, most recently from 1890 to 1892 in Naleczów. At the same time he began writing and published his first stories in a Warsaw weekly. In 1892 he married the widowed Oktawia Radziwiłłowicz - Rodkiewicz. In the same year he left with his wife and stepdaughter Poland and went to Switzerland. The family settled in Rapperswil near Zurich, where he worked as a librarian at the Polish National Museum. Between 1895 and 1898, he has published numerous short stories.

1897 the family went back to Warsaw and Żeromski also worked as a librarian here. 1899 his son Adam was born. His official residence provided Żeromski a clandestine socialist groups available, which is why he was arrested in 1900 for a short time. After an extended trip to Italy and Corsica in 1902, he moved in 1903 to Zakopane. After the success of his first novels, he devoted himself from 1903 to writing. Żeromski was one of the main representatives of the Polish positivism and remained in the tradition of critical realism.

From about 1905 Zeromski began participation in democratic socialist groups, it was, inter alia, one of the initiators, which was founded in Warsaw in 1907 " Society of the public libraries. ' In his house, secret lessons were held., 1908 he was arrested and banished from the Kingdom of Poland. He went to Krakow. During the First world War, he supported the creation of the Polish Legions. From September 30 to November 16, 1918, he was President of the Republic of Zakopane ( Rzeczpospolita Zakopiańska ) 1919 went Żeromski to Warsaw, the capital of the revived Poland., where he was in 1919 involved in the establishment of the Polish Academy of Literature. , 1920, he was Chairman of the Polish writers' Union Związek Literatów Polskich ( ZLP ) and 1922 co-founder of the Polish PEN Club.

Because of its social commitment, he is called " the literary conscience of Poland". 1924 Żeromski was one of the most promising candidates for the Nobel Prize in conversation. His influence in Poland was greater than that of Władysław Reymont, which was awarded the prize. Probably took him to the criticism of his latest work at the price. For his services in the young Polish state him an apartment was made available in the Warsaw Royal Castle where he died in 1925 from the State President. He was buried with a state funeral at the old Protestant cemetery in Warsaw. Although just the right had attacked him, and to have accused his novel Przedwiośnie spread his Bolshevik ideas held a national democratic minister one of the eulogies.

Works

The summer of 1920 spent Żeromski in Gdynia, inter alia, as a guest of the mayor in January Radtke, or in Eagle's Nest / Adlerówka (1931 renamed Orłowo Morskie ) in a former fisherman's cottage. 1921 pursued Żeromski in Gdynia attention to build the preliminary naval port and the berth for fishing. Inspired by this work, he wrote the novel Wiatr od morza ( The wind from the sea ), in which he, a surprisingly accurate picture of the nascent port and the expectant Gdynia delivered by the not yet existing, as it turned out to be soon. His published in late 1924 novel Przedwiośnie ( early spring ) was an important focal point of debates about the nature and future of the young Polish Republic. The novel tells the story of a young Poles who experienced the horrors of the Russian Revolution, however, increasingly radicalized after his return to Poland because of disillusionment with the prevailing conditions of life left. The novel was also admired as hostility - it appeared more than 100 meetings, responses and comments.

In his former house in Eagle's Nest today its related memorabilia are kept, and the Society of Friends Orłowo regularly organizes exhibitions and other events in his honor.

Selections

  • The crows and ravens to feed on ( Rozdziobą nas Kruki, Wrony ), narrative, 1885
  • The Athlete ( Siłaczka ), novella, 1895
  • Sisyphus ( Syzyfowe prace ), novel, 1898
  • Twilight ( Zmierzch ), novella, 1898
  • Forget ( zapomnienie ), novella, 1898
  • In ruins ( Popioły ), novel, 1904
  • Story of a sin ( Bodzanta ), 1908
  • The Rose ( Róża ), Drama, 1909
  • The homeless ( Ludzie bezdomni ), novel, 1910
  • Sulkowsky, Drama, 1910
  • Forest Echo ( ECHA leśne ), narrative
  • The true power ( Wierna rzeka ), novel, 1912
  • The Avengers, novel, 1915
  • The battle with Satan ( Walka z szatanem ), Trilogy, 1916-1919
  • Early Spring ( Przedwiośnie ), novel, 1924

Films

Positivism in Poland PEN International Włodzimierz Borodziej Integrated Authority File
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