Stipa
Gray disc Diges feather grass ( Stipa pennata ) left; Hair esparto grass ( Stipa capillata ) right
The spring grasses and Pfriemengräser ( Stipa ) are a genus of flowering plants in the family of grasses ( Poaceae ). The approximately 100-388 species are distributed worldwide.
- 5.1 Literature
- 5.2 Notes and references
Description
Vegetative characteristics
The species are mostly perennial, clump-forming grasses, often they grow as annuals. They usually have many non- flowering shoots, which grow tall outside the leaf sheaths. The stems are erect, are simple or branched below. The stems have 2-4 (rarely 1-8 ) nodes. The leaf sheaths are open to the bottom. The ligule is a membranous hem. The leaf blades are folded or rolled up, borstlich. At the top, they are heavily ribbed. In the vernation the sheets are folded.
Generative features
In a spread to contracted, dense to loose, Rispige total inflorescence many flowers are borne. The spikelets are compressed flowered and side, a shaft extension on the florets absent. Fall when ripe and the florets from the glumes, the stand out. The glumes are three to five annoying, rarely einnervig, equal or unequal. They are often drawn out into a point and much longer than the flower without awn. You are membranous to translucent thin-skinned. The lemma is five annoying derbhäutig, hairy and awned. The awn is up to 50 cm long, knelt once or twice and with twisted, bald to hairy Untergranne. The Oberg Ranne is rough up tight feathery ( hence the German name). The palea is nearly as long as the lemma, thin-skinned and leathery. there are three, rarely two stamens. The ovary is bald and wears two, rarely three terminal pen with dense feathery scars.
The caryopsis is closely surrounded by deck and palea, and together with the person sitting at the lemma drill the propagation unit ( diaspore ). The drill bit, or callus is located at the lower end of the lemma and a part of the morphologically Ährchenachse. It is densely hairy, sharp, stinging, rarely rounded. The embryo is one-sixth to one-third as long as the fruit. The navel is the form of lines and extends almost the entire length of the fruit.
Flowers and dispersal ecology
In the genus often cleistogamous flowers also occur.
The fruits are Bohrfrüchte: The Untergranne turned dry, with humidity it turns on itself. Thus, the whole propagation unit is directed to by the kink in the awn and drills so into the soil. The hairs of the callus serve as an abutment.
The propagation takes place in the species with hairy awn by the wind ( Anemochorie ) where with rough awns by animals ( Epizoochorie ).
System
The genus Stipa was erected in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, 1, pp. 78-79. As Lectotypusart 1925 Stipa L. Pennata by Albert Spear Hitchcock in Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. Smithsonian Institution, Volume 24, Issue 7, pp. 216 set. Synonyms for Stipa L. are: Orthoraphium Nees, Stupa Asch.. orth var The genus name is derived from the Latin Stipa stipa, Stippa, the member that serves to support of amphorae; this included the stalks of Halfagrases ( Stipa tenacissima ) were used.
The genus Stipa belongs to the tribe in the subfamily Pooideae Stipeae within the family Poaceae. The species of the genus Achnatherum P.Beauv. , Celtica FMVazquez & Barkworth, Macrochloa Kunth, Ptilagrostis Griseb. Trikeraia and boron are sometimes classified in the genus Stipa sl provided.
The genus Stipa comprises 100-388 species, depending on the view whether Achnatherum, Celtica, Macrochloa, Ptilagrostis and Trikeraia are included or not.
The occurring in Central Europe species are:
- Sand feather grass ( Stipa borysthenica Klokov ex Prokudin ); Home: from Central and Southern Europe to Central Asia and Siberia
- Hair esparto grass ( Stipa capillata L.); Home: from Europe to the Middle East to Mongolia
- Soft -haired feather grass ( Stipa dasyphylla ( Czern. ex Lindem ) Trautv. . ); Home: from Central Europe to Western Siberia
- Little Hairy Yellow vaginal feather grass ( Stipa epilosa Martinovsky ), is found in northern Italy and in South East Europe
- Delicate feather grass ( Stipa eriocaulis Borbás ); Home: Algeria, South, Central and Eastern Europe
- Genuine feather grass or gray vaginal feather grass ( Stipa pennata L.); Home: from France to Central, Southern and Eastern Europe to Iran, Central Asia and Eastern Siberia
- Yellow disc Diges feather grass ( Stipa pulcherrima K.Koch ); Home: from Morocco and Algeria over southern and central Europe to the Caucasus, Central Asia and West Siberia, to the subspecies: Bavarian feather grass ( Stipa pulcherrima subsp. Bavarica ( Martinovsky & H. Scholz ) Conert ), which is found only in Neuburg an der Donau
This includes still (also in the genus Achnatherum P.Beauv provided. ):
- Raugras or silver Oat Grass ( Stipa calamagrostis (L.) Wahlenb; Syn: .. Achnatherum calamagrostis (L.) P.Beauv ) mainly occurs on rocks in the mountains of southern Central Europe and South to South-East Europe
Other species of the genus Stipa are (selection):
- Avenacea Stipa L.; Home: USA
- Heron feather grass ( Stipa barbata Desf. ): History: Spain, Southern Italy and Sicily
- Kurzgranniges esparto grass ( Stipa bromoides (L.) Dörfl. ); Home: from Morocco and Algeria over South Europe to Asia and Central Asia
- Stipa capensis Thunb. ( Syn: . Stipa tortilis Desf ), a one-year or two-year grass of the Mediterranean
- . Stipa elegantissima Labill, Origin: Australia
- Giant feather grass ( Stipa gigantea link); Home: Iberian Peninsula
- Stipa grandis P. A. Smirn, home. Mongolia
- Stipa lessingiana Trin. & Rupr. ; Home: Bulgaria, Romania, Russia, the Caucasus, Central Asia, northern Iran
- Chinese feather grass ( Stipa pekinensis Hance ); Home: Eastern Siberia, northern China, Japan, Sakhalin
- Shiny Raugras ( Stipa splendens Trin. ); Home: Siberia, Central Asia, Iran, Himalayas, Tibet, Mongolia, China, Japan, South Asia, naturalized in Europe in places
- Halfagras ( Stipa tenacissima L.; Syn: Macrochloa tenacissima (L.) Kunth ), arrives in Europe in Spain, Portugal and the Balearic Islands before
- Turkestanisches feather grass ( Stipa turkestanica hack. ); Home: Central Asia
- Ukraine - feather grass ( Stipa ucrainica P. A. Smirn. ); Home: Eastern Europe
- Stipa viridula Trin.; Home: Canada and USA
Importance
In many areas, the spring steppe grasses play an important role as forage crops. Some species are drawn as ornamental plants.