Styphnolobium japonicum
Japanese pagoda tree ( Styphnolobium japonicum)
The Japanese pagoda tree ( Styphnolobium japonicum, synonym Sophora japonica) also Honey Tree, Pagoda Tree, Perlschnurbaum, Japanese Perlschnurbaum, Japanese pagoda tree or named after his sour -tasting seeds sour peppers tree, a plant species in the subfamily of the Fabaceae is ( Faboideae ).
Description
The Japanese pagoda tree is a medium sized, deciduous tree reaching a height of up to 30 meters. He has a broad, rounded crown and a gray -brown bark. The branches are covered with long glossy green and bright Korkwarzen. The up to 25 -inch-long leaves are pinnate, usually 7-17 leaflets are formed. The leaves are ovate to ovate - lanceolate, 2.5-5 cm long, pointed and with broadly wedge -shaped to rounded base. The top is shiny dark green, the underside hairy bluish and dense. The leaves resemble those of the locust, but they are colored bright yellow in the fall. The flowers are in loose, terminal, up to 30 cm long panicles. The individual flowers are creamy - white and 1-1.5 inches long and bloom from August to September. As fruits 5-8 inches long are formed bare sleeves, containing 1-6 seeds, which are separated by constrictions. The fruits have a sour taste. The seeds are yellowish - green and dried black - brown. The fruits appear from August to October.
The bark and seeds, especially the fruit peel, are highly toxic. Main toxins of the fruits are Sophorabiosid and rutin, in unripe fruits Sophoricosid. In the seeds we find cytisine.
Distribution and location requirements
The natural range of the Japanese tree line ranges from Japan to Korea to China. However, it is also cultivated in other areas. It is found in steppe shrubs and dry forests on dry to fresh, mildly acidic to strongly alkaline, sandy, sandy- gravelly to sandy - loamy, nutrient-rich soils. He is sensitive to moisture, warmth, usually frost hardy and prefers sunny to light shady locations.
Systematics and history of research
The Japanese pagoda tree ( Styphnolobium japonicum) is a species in the subfamily of the Fabaceae ( Faboideae ). There he is assigned to the tribe Sophoreae.
The species was first published as Sophora japonica 1767 by Carl Linnaeus in Mantissa Plantarum, 1, p 68. The name Styphnolobium japonicum gave her 1830 Heinrich Wilhelm Schott in Vienna periodical for art, literature, theater and fashion, 3, pp. 844 Other synonyms are: Sophora griffithii subsp. korolkowii Yakovl. , Anagyris chinensis Sprengel, Macrotropis foetida DC., Ormosia Esquirolii H. Léveillé, Pongamia chinensis DC., Robinia mitis Loureiro 1790 not 1763 L., Sophora angustifolia Q. Q. Liu & H. Y. Ye ' angustifolia', S. japonica f columnaris Schwerin, S. japonica f hybrida Carrière, S. japonica f oligophylla Franchet, S. japonica pendula f Loudon, S. japonica var praecox Schwerin, S. japonica var pubescens ( exchange) bosses, S. japonica variegata f Nichols, S. japonica var vestita Rehder, S. japonica var violacea Carrière, S. mairei H. Léveillé 1915 not Pampanini 1910 S. pubescens exchange, S. sinensis Forrest, S. vaniotii H. Léveillé.
Use
The species is very commonly cultivated because of the decorative flowers and as Bienennährpflanze. In Europe, planted and planted you like him as a park tree and avenues.
The flowers are used in Chinese cuisine and prepared along with eggs and flour as omelet. Dishes and tea from fresh and dried flowers are used in traditional Chinese medicine. The flowers are said to have anti-hypertensive and anti-inflammatory effect.