Treaty of Nerchinsk

The Treaty of Nertschinsk (Russian Нерчинский договор, Nerčinskij dogovor; Chinese: Níbùchǔ tiáoyuē尼布楚 条约) between the tsarist Russia and the Qing empire the first agreement ( Qing ) China with a European state.

He was born on 27 Augustjul. / September 6 1689greg. closed in the Russian city Nertschinsk and regulates the border demarcation in the Amur region. The Qing Empire was in the area up to the mountain range north of the Amur River and its tributaries as well as the Russian fortress Albasin. At the same time the right of free trade across this border was guaranteed. The treaty was written in five languages: Manchu, Chinese, Mongolian, Russian and Latin.

The contract was an approximately four decades of continuing dispute over the Amurbecken preceded, as Russian armed groups after 1640 from Eastern Siberia were advancing on the area of ​​influence of the Mandschukaisers. At the battles themselves Cossacks, Chinese troops and the Tungus involved. From the Russian side, the Treaty of Moscow envoy Golovin was negotiated by the Chinese side of Songgotu (Chinese索额图/索额图) conveys, had the Jesuits.

The actual frontier remained unregulated, since the geographical designations differed in the different versions of the Treaty; Cards were also not replaced. The Russians took advantage of the possibility of trading intensively until the Qing Empire in 1722 closed the border again. The resumption of negotiations led in 1727 to the Treaty of Kjachta.

The territorial provisions were amended by the Treaty of Aigun (1858 ) and the Beijing Convention (1860 ) in favor of Russia and at the expense of Qing China.

The agreement led to the construction of a trade route from Russia to China, the Siberian highway, which played an important role in the development of Siberia.