Treaty of Thorn (1709)
Treaties of alliance
Preobraschenskoje (1699 ) • Dresden ( 1699) • Narva (1704) • Dresden ( 1709) • Thorn ( 1709) • Copenhagen ( 1709) • Hanover ( 1710) • Lutsk (1711 ) • Adrianople (1713 ) • Schwedt ( 1713) • Stettin (1715 ) • Berlin (1715 ) • Greifswald (1715 )
Peace treaties
Traventhal (1700) • Warsaw ( 1705) • Altranstädt ( 1706) • Prut (1711 ) • Frederiksborg ( 1720) • Stockholm ( 1719) • Nystad (1721 )
Capitulations
Estonia and Livonia (1710 )
The Treaty of Thorn in 1709 was a Saxon- Russian Treaty of Alliance and was on 9 Oktoberjul. / October 20 1709greg. in the city of Thorn ( Toruń in Poland today ) concluded between the Elector Augustus the Strong and the Russian Tsar Peter the Great.
Prehistory
Once there had been a renewal of the alliance between Denmark-Norway and Saxony in the Treaty of Dresden, Saxony, Russia and renewed their alliance treaties of 1701 and 1703 new.
The Russian Tsar Peter I felt in the summer of 1709 still left in the lurch by August the Strong. This had left in Altranstädt Peace ( 1706) the allies Russia in the fight against Sweden in the lurch. After winning the battle of Poltava, in the Swedish army was routed and the Swedish king was forced to flee into exile, Elector of Saxony again began negotiations with the Tsar.
This does however clear from the beginning that he dictated the terms of an alliance. August II, who loses at this time in Poland more and more influence, must bow to the Russian monarchs. However, Russia also partners in the West needs to strengthen its influence in Central Europe. The fight against Sweden is far from won and Peter I need each partner.
Peter I tried to consolidate his own dynasty in German manor houses with the help of Einheiratungen. But Augustus the Strong has no daughter would are eligible. His wife Christiane Eberhardine drew a princess of Wolfenbüttel ( Charlotte Christine of Brunswick- Wolfenbüttel ) on whose sister had married the brother of the emperor. Peter the Great wanted his eldest son and heir Alexei marry this princess and the Saxon Elector promised him to support it.
The contract
In the contract, the negotiations lasted twelve days, the two decided monarch to forget everything that has happened and to renew the alliance.
The Tsar promised the Saxon rulers 4,000-5,000 10,000-12,000 cavalrymen and infantrymen to fight the insurgents in Poland. In return, August II also promised to permanently maintain in Poland a private army of about 10000-11000 man.
In addition, August II is lifted back on the throne of Poland. The sweden faithful against King Stanislaus Leszczynski I. and his followers flee into Swedish exile. Peter I almost forcing to choose the Electors of Saxony again as king of the entire Polish nobility. Through the support of the Roman Catholic Church and Pope Clement XI. threatens all offending nobles excommunication from all religions.
In the contract August II confirmed that he owed the royal dignity to the Russian Tsar. Only by its resounding victory at Poltava and its support, it was possible to recover the Electors of Saxony, the Polish crown.
In addition, the Saxon Elector secured the Czar to all lands and cities, which he has taken up to now and will conquer in the further course of the war.
In a secret article of the Tsar assured that he was attacking the provinces of Livonia and Estonia again. After the conquest of Livonia, this should go into the hereditary possession of the House of Wettin.
The consequences
On March 31, 1710 August II drew back as King in Warsaw.