Triglochin maritima

Beach - trident ( Triglochin maritima )

The beach - trident ( Triglochin maritima ), also called salt - trident or Röhrkohl, is a grass -like plant that belongs to the family of the trident plants ( Juncaginaceae ). The beach trident can be cooked as a vegetable ( Röhrkohl ), but is toxic to livestock.

  • 6.1 Notes and references

Description

The beach trident is a perennial, reaching between 10 and 60 cm plant height plant with mostly horizontally growing rhizome and short thick foothills. The stems are leafless. The grassy, earthy basal leaves are linear shaped, are much Roehrig and have a long ligule ( ligule ). The sheets are flattened in cross-section on one side, up to 4 millimeters wide and the end of the sheath with a single ears.

In a up to 20 centimeters long racemose inflorescence, the individual flowers are tight. The green to reddish and hermaphrodite flowers are usually radial symmetry. The flower stalks are 1-4 mm long. Six greenish bracts envelop almost six sedentary stamens and the six -part superior ovaries. The six scars are reddish feathered and short. The six -piece also, egg-shaped gap fruit is about 6 millimeters long and is not straddling at maturity from below. The carpels are furrowed on the back and dissolve at maturity from each other and fall off one by one.

Ecology

The beach trident is a perennial rosette plant and a plant stem or a salt plant. The leaves have several close air tubes and smell when crushed by chlorine. The amino acid proline is up to 20% of the dry weight of the plant to be included, it serves as an osmotic balance to the high salt concentration in the vacuoles. As a further adaptation to salt the older location, super salty leaves are shed.

Pollination of flowers carried by the wind ( Anemogamie ). The flowers are hermaphrodite vorweiblichen as " immovable type" wind-pollinated. The emerging pollen accumulate in the tepals and are blown by the wind from here. Bloom time is from June to August.

The spread of the carpels is usually by water or you distribute them as Velcro fruits that can drill in the fur of animals. The fruits are light and cold to germinate.

Vegetative propagation is done by underground runners.

Distribution and location

The beach trident is widespread in the northern hemisphere. In places, it is also found on the coasts of South America. In Central Europe the beach trident grows in the Wadden Sea on temporarily from the sea water washed over, heavy silt soils of the dyke foreland, in the so-called Andel zone and in the brackish water zone of Flussästuare. On the coasts it is relatively widespread, while it is rare inland. It prefers very moist, partly flooded salt marshes, reed beds or salt-influenced locations inland.

Distribution in Austria

In Austria, the salt - trident occurs scattered around Lake Neusiedl, otherwise rare in the hill and altitude level on. The deposits are confined to the provinces of Burgenland and Lower Austria.

Threats and conservation

The beach trident is performed on the Red List of endangered ferns and flowering plants in Germany, where it is listed as endangered ( category 3). Causes of the decline of populations include the conversion of grassland into arable land, the fallow extensively used fresh and wet meadows, but also their use intensification as well as the lack of flooding of salt meadows and marshes by coastal protection measures.

The species is considered endangered in Austria.

Use

The so-called " Röhrkohl " is a traditional spring vegetables in northern Germany. It has an appearance similar to chives and a smell of chlorine, which disappears during cooking. The smell that comes from the educated to the heyday alkaloid Triglochinin, fends off herbivores. Traditionally may be harvested in May and June of the locals " Röhrkohl ". Entering the Wadden Sea National Park, however, is forbidden for others to protect breeding birds. The " carbon " is as crisp asparagus, bright underground plant parts and the "Green" are processed. The finished dish is similar in appearance to the kale, but has a different taste. As it is a salt containing plant, no additional salt is required. The North American Indians used the roasted fruits as food.

The ashes of the Röhrkohls contains much soda ( NaCO3 ). Therefore the plant has been used previously in the manufacture of glass in order to reduce the melting point.

In cattle it can come from the diet, beach - trident to toxic symptoms.

Swell

  • Beach - trident. In: FloraWeb.de.
  • Ruprecht Duell, Herfried Kutzelnigg: Pocket Dictionary of Plants in Germany. A botanical and ecological excursion companion to the most important species. 6 completely revised edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2005, ISBN 3-494-01397-7.
  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: Image Atlas of ferns and flowering plants in Germany. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4.
  • Erich Oberdorfer: Phytosociological Exkursionsflora. Assisted by Theo Müller. 6th revised and enlarged edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart ( Hohenheim), 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3.
  • R. Duell / H. Kutzelnigg: Pocket Dictionary of Plants in Germany and neighboring countries, 7th Edition, Quelle & Meyer Verlag, 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1
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