Túpac Katari

Julián Apaza Nina ( Nina also Apasa ), better known under the name Túpac Catari Tupaq Katari or (* 1750 in Ayo Ayo, Province flavor (present-day Bolivia), † November 15, 1781 in La Paz ) was the leader of an uprising of the indigenous peasant population in Upper Peru ( Alto Perú ), today's Bolivia, against the Spanish in 1781.

Julián Apaza grew up in an Aymara village where he worked as a clerk and bakers. He never learned to read and write and spoke only Aymara.

The name Tupaq Qatari he assumed on the basis of two other indigenous fighters of his time: José Gabriel Condorcanqui ( Tupaq Amaru ) and Tomás Catari ( Tomas Katari village chief of Chayanta ).

The goals of the insurgency Julián Apazas went beyond those of the wealthy Condorcanqui by those connected with the demand for the expulsion of the Spaniards after the end of any exploitation of the peasants. At its peak, 40,000 people took part in the uprising. Twice besieged Julián Apaza in 1781 with his army the city of La Paz, in vain the second time together with Andrés Túpac Amaru, but both times. Important support for the organization of the uprising served him his wife Bartolina Sisa and his sister Gregoria Apaza.

The uprising collapsed after the Spaniards had the provinces from which came the replenishment devastated. 1781 Julián Apaza was captured and quartered in La Paz. Bartolina Sisa took over the tasks Julián Apazas, but fell in 1782 even in the hands of the Spaniards and was hanged together with Gregoria Apaza in La Paz.

The insurgency under Julián Apaza at the end of the 18th century is considered among the indigenous rebellions in colonial America as one with the greatest geographical spread, the strongest support and the longest duration. The Spanish colonial power took two years to defeat them.

The following words should Julián Apaza have said before he was executed:

" Naya saparukiw jiwyapxitaxa nayxarusti, waranqa, waranqanakaw tukutaw kut'anipxani ... " " You just kill me. I will go back a million times ... "