Turandot (Gozzi)
The play Turandot, a tragicomic tale in five acts, was written by the Venetian Carlo Gozzi. The premiere took place on 22 January 1762 in Teatro San Samuele, Venice, instead. Known adaptations come from Friedrich Schiller ( Turandot, Princess of China ), Karl Gustav Vollmoeller ( Turandot - Chinese fairy tale ) in 1911 and Wolfgang Hildesheimer ( The Tale of Princess Turandot ). Bertolt Brecht left the play Turandot or The Congress of whitewashers, which was premiered in 1969. The root of the story is found in a Persian fairy tale that wurde.Die known by the fairy tale collection from 1001 day or Häzâr - jak Ruz also in western culture action is settled there in Russia.
Formation
Both Ferruccio Busoni and Giacomo Puccini owe the inspiration for their operas of friendship and cooperation with Karl Gustav Vollmoeller. This was he who, following in the footsteps of his compatriot Friedrich Schiller, Gozzi's Turandot snatched from oblivion. He searched until he found the original version, the Commedia dell'arte structures he took faithfully for his stage adaptation in the old theater archives of Venice. Vollmoeller it was he who commissioned his friend Busoni to compose the music for his Turandot. Only the lasting over a year very close cooperation that has left deep traces in Busoni's diaries and letters, gave rise in Busoni 's desire, some years later, turn the work again.
In the case of Giacomo Puccini was the famous Max Reinhardt's production of Turandot Vollmoeller'schen of 1911, which inspired this to his opera. Thus Karl Vollmoeller has more than any other writer or composer of the 20th century helped to give a forgotten author and one of his forgotten pieces of posterity again. Finally had his piece on January 18, 1913 Premiere in London, where " Turandot " created in the staging of Sir George Alexander with Busoni's music, and Ernst Stern's stage sensation. Not without reason appeared already in the spring of 1913 an English translation of Vollmoeller " Turandot " in London and an American edition in New York.
The people
Scene of the action
The action takes place in a mystical, magical China at the court of Emperor Altums.
The plot
Act I
First scene Barach and Calaf - A city gate of Beijing The Prince Calaf arrives in Beijing Barach again. Calaf tells how his father's kingdom was lost and he has had to penetrate. From Barach Calaf learns that the stories of Turandot, the Emperor Altum 's daughter, no fairy tales. It is true that Turandot will only marry the prince who can solve the three riddles she gives him. If he fails, he must be led to the scaffold. Many princes has already overtaken this fate.
Scene Barach, Calaf and Ishmael Ismael reported from the recently completed execution of the prince of Samarkand, whose tutor he was. He tells also how the Prince was once forfeited only by the sight of an image of this Turandot. He casts the image in the dust.
Scene Three Barach and Calaf Calaf, curious, wants to pick up the image, but is prevented by Barach it. When he finally succeeds and he sees the image of Turandot, he is currently in love with Turandot and summarizes the plan to confront the mystery sample.
Fourth scene Barach, Calaf and Schirina Calaf away his horse and his money to Barach and his wife.
Second Act
First scene Truffaldino, Brighella - Great Hall in the imperial palace A comical scene in which the two agents is the divan, a sort of council of the imperial court, for the new puzzles Prepare the sample.
Scene Kaiser Altum, Tartaglia, Pantaloon The Emperor complained bitterly of Turandot's hard, cruel attitude. But it is to the law, the Turandot has wrested him what the prince must solve the puzzles or die.
Scene Three Kaiser Altum, Tartaglia, Pantaloon, Calaf Calaf is before the emperor that his name and origin remain nameless for the time being. The emperor granted him this, whereupon the court servants try to dissuade Calaf from his purpose. This remains steadfast.
Fourth scene The sofa comes together.
Scene Five Altum, Turandot, Calaf, Zelima, Adelma, Pantalon, Tartaglia At the sight Kalafs Turandot feels that this prince, unlike all the other princes before, in her affection awakens, she but out of pride can not admit to. It represents the three puzzles that Calaf solves all. Turandot is horrified, she would rather die than to be led to the altar with Calaf. Calaf again she wants to not force and provide it now itself a mystery. You should until tomorrow to give his name and his Father's name. If you succeed in this, she was free again.
Act Three
First scene Adelma, a slave - a room Adelma, in love with Calaf, scheming how they escape itself of slavery and win Calaf can.
Scene Turandot, Zelima, Adelma Zelima harassed Turandot, to give in and agree to the marriage, whereupon Turandot also staggers. But only briefly, because she wants to defeat the prince, from whom she feels humiliated by the solved puzzles. Adelma who had overheard the conversation, Turandot encouraged in this endeavor and promises to help her to get the name of the prince in experience.
Scene Three Calaf, Barach - hall in the imperial palace Barach blames Calaf that he has embarked on another mystery sample.
Fourth scene Calaf, Barach, Pantalon Tartaglia, Brighella The servants of the Emperor lead from Calaf.
Scene Five Barach, Timur Surprisingly meet Barach and King Timur together again. The king had just seen his son Calaf was discharged. Barach only hints at dark, what all this means.
Scene Six Barach, Timur, Schirina Schirina tells how she told Turandot, Calaf that had lived in their house. Barach is immediately aware of the danger this means for him: Turandot will try to squeeze out the name of it.
Seventh scene Barach, Timur, Schirina, Truffaldino Truffaldino arrests with the help of armed Barach and Timur.
Act Four
First scene Turandot, Barach, Timur, Schirina, Zelima - Portico Under threat of violence Turandot demands of Barach, that he called the name. This remains steadfast. Timur reveals himself as the father of Calaf, without revealing his name.
Scene Turandot, Barach, Timur, Schirina, Zelima, Adelma Adelma tells Turandot that they had bribed the guards of Calaf and that they have a plan for how they will bring with Schirina and Zelima Calaf to divulge his name itself.
Scene Three Turandot On one hand, Turandot is highly satisfied with Adelmas plan to allow her to beat Calaf. On the other hand, they noted that such a victory would make them unhappy.
Fourth scene Altum, Turandot, Pantalon, Tartaglia Altum tried in vain to dissuade Turandot. He now knows the names and offers Turandot, her so that she could act as a champion to call her in the sofa. But you must promise him that she will marry Calaf anyway. Pride rejects Turandot and put all their hope in Adelma.
Scene Five Calaf, Brighella - chamber Brighella warns Calaf before " ghosts " who could visit him at night. As a result, chamber appear in Kalafs then the " ghosts " Schirina, Zelima, Truffaldino and Adelma.
Scene Six Schirina, Calaf Schirina, disguised as a soldier, tells Calaf that his father concerned were present palace. It is advisable to send a signed message. Calaf easily seen through their real intention.
Seventh scene Zelima, Calaf Zelima pretends that Turandot have proposed the following trade: He calls the names, but Turandot still gives him the hand. Calaf does not trust.
Eighth scene Truffaldino, Calaf Truffaldino tried using a magic root, the sleeping Calaf to elicit the names of what he, as he mistakenly believes also succeed.
Ninth scene Adelma, Calaf Adelma reveals himself as a king's daughter before Calaf and tells him how she became a slave. They also reported that Turandot decided to kill him in order to escape the mystery sample sofa. In blind, raging despair Calaf calls out his name and that of his father. Adelma offers him a plan to flee the Calaf refuses.
Tenth scene Brighella, Calaf Brighella brings Calaf to lead him to the sofa.
Act Five
First scene Altum, Tartaglia, Pantaloon, Calaf - Great Hall in the imperial palace Surprised Calaf is found that he has arrived intact before the sofa. Kaiser Altum is confident. He expected the imminent wedding.
Scene Altum, Tartaglia, Pantaloon, Calaf, Turandot Turandot announces full of sweet revenge the names they had learned from Adelma what Calaf wants to kill himself with a dagger. Now Turandot him falls within the arm to prevent this, because now she wants to be his bride. Adelma sees her last hope of Calaf disappear and take Kalafs dagger, but prevents this, that it does to be a sufferer. He also sits down at Altum to ensure that Adelma back gets her royal dignity, which these grants.
Turandot concludes the piece:
Adaptations
Starting with the spectacle of music by Franz Seraph Destouches for the premiere of Schiller's play in 1802, wrote the following composers incidental music to Turandot: 1806 Friedrich Ludwig Seidl, 1809 Carl Maria von Weber, 1813 Joseph of Blumenthal and last Vinzenz Lachner 1843.
From 1809 (Joseph of Blumenthal ) emerged operas that deal with the Turandot - material: 1816 Franz Danzi, 1835 Carl Gottlieb Reißiger 1838 Johann Hoven, 1840s Herman Severin Løvenskiold, 1867 Antonio Bazzini ( under the title " Turanda " ), 1888 Adolf Jensen, in an arrangement by Wilhelm Kienzl, 1888 Theobald Rehbaum. The most recently created operas are:
- Turandot, opera by Ferruccio Busoni, premiere in 1917 in Zurich
- Turandot, opera by Giacomo Puccini, completed by Franco Alfano, posthumous premiere in 1926 in Milan
- Turandot, Princess of China, opera by Havergal Brian (1951 )
Wolfgang Hildesheimer varied the fabric between 1954 and about 1960 in two radio plays and two plays sockets, processing as a TV game ( 1963) does not come from Hildesheim itself, but by Roman Weyl.
- Princess Turandot, radio play (1954 )
- The conquest of Princess Turandot, Play (1961 )