Turangalîla-Symphonie

The Turangalîla Symphony (French Turangalîla Symphony) is a 10 - sätziges piece of music for orchestra, piano and Ondes Martenot by the French composer Olivier Messiaen ( 1908-1992 ).

Formation

Messiaen composed the work in the years 1946 to 1948 for the Boston Symphony Orchestra, the then director Sergei Koussevitzky had made ​​the order. Messiaen putting it at the center of a trilogy on the " Tristan - topic" ( sensual love and love-death ); the other two pieces of the trilogy are the vocal works Harawi for soprano and piano from 1945 and Cinq rechants for 12 solo voices from the year 1949.

The score was published in 1953, 1990, last revised version was published.

Name

Turangalîla is a Sanskrit word and referred to in the music encyclopedia Sangita Ratnakara of Indian music theorist Sarangadeva from the 13th century a certain rhythmic pattern (called a deci tala; see also: Tala ). This pattern is used by Messiaen in the first sentence (paragraph 12 ). He translated turanga free with tempo ( literally translated it means horse in the sense with the meaning of German: Renner ), lîla means play, lightness, grace. Sarangadevas rhythmic pattern in the sets III, VII and IX ( Turangalîla I, II, III, see below) reflects musically.

Performance history

The premiere took place on December 2, 1949 in Boston by the Boston Symphony Orchestra under the baton of Leonard Bernstein, who represented the diseased Koussevitzky instead. The soloists were Yvonne Loriod (piano) and Ginette Martenot ( ondes Martenot ). The German premiere took place in December 1951 in Baden -Baden with the Great Orchestra of Southwest Orchestra under Hans Rosbaud with the soloists of the first performance.

The Turangalîla symphony is one of the works of new music that have held in the concert hall, even if the costly occupation, the unusual instrumentation and the long playing time (approx. 80 min. ) Fall outside the realm of conventional concerts and frequent performance contrary. Also, there are now a number of LP recordings with renowned conductors (among Ozawa, Salonen, Rattle, Chung, Chailly, Nagano ).

Classification: Genus and shape

The term symphony is to be understood in this work in a general importance of a comprehensive, multi-part work for large orchestra. The first, fifth, sixth and last sentence could be interpreted as a header record, scherzo, slow movement ( Adagio ) and the final movement of a classical symphony. The Turangalîla Symphony differs greatly from a formal point of symphonies of the Classical and Romantic periods, especially by the absence of the typical sonata form processing issues in a passage. For the Eighth sentence " Développement de l' Amour " is created as a great implementation. How often in late-romantic symphonies recurring themes ( "Cyclic topics" ) are used in all sets. The obbligato piano part is very sophisticated and includes many cadences as they occur in piano concertos.

Occupation

2 flutes, piccolo, 2 oboes, English horn, 2 clarinets, bass clarinet, 3 bassoons, 4 horns, 3 trumpets in C, piccolo trumpet in D, cornet, 3 trombones, tuba, keyboard glockenspiel, celesta, vibraphone, tubular bells, large percussion group ( triangle, 3 temple blocks, wood block, small Turkish basins, suspended cymbal, Chinese cymbal, crash cymbal, 2 tambourines, maracas, tam-tam, Small and large drum, a total of 10 percussionists ) and a large string section, plus piano and Ondes Martenot come as solo instruments.

Sets

The sentences and their titles:

( 1) Also known as " implementation " translatable because the sentence provides the implementation of large cyclical themes dar.