Turin King List
The Royal Canon of Turin, Turin King List, also called, is a presumably originating from the time of Pharaoh Ramses II Egyptian king list in hieratic script, featuring the names of the Egyptian kings ( pharaohs ) and their regnal years. The papyrus fragments represent the most extensive list of Egyptian pharaohs and form the basis of most chronologies from before the reign of Ramesses II, he is in the Museo delle antichità egizie shown in Turin.
Formation
The King papyrus was at the time of Ramses II and was negligent written on the back of an unneeded tax list already in preparation in hieratic characters.
Discovery
The papyrus was found in 1820 in Luxor and taken by Bernardino Drovetti to Europe. In 1824 he was acquired from the Egyptian Museum in Turin. When you unpack the box in which he had been transported to Italy, it turned out that he had broken into tiny fragments. A reconstruction seemed utterly hopeless.
Jean -François Champollion, who was unpacking the box, noticed that some fragments with royal names, the only one that he could decipher at this time, among them were. Of these large fragments he made a drawing.
Shortly after Champollion's departure from Turin, the Saxon archaeologist Gustav Seyffarth visited the museum. He checked the box again and was able to 'all known fragments, some of which are only 1 cm by 1 cm tall identify. He made a complete reconstruction of the papyrus, which can still be seen today in this arrangement in the museum. Seyffarth only clues in the assembly were the papyrus fibers, because he could not decipher the hieratic characters.
Structure and Content
The Royal Canon is divided into several columns (columns) and provides the names and years of the reign of ancient Egyptian kings.
First column
The first column leads the gods dynasties that should have reigned over Egypt, and stands at the head of the god Ptah. However, the first part of the column and thus the beginning of the text is missing almost entirely.
Second column
In the second column of the text of initially 30 Thinite rulers reported [ regent of Gau " oldest country " (Ta - who - district) with the capital: antique Tine / Abdu; gr Thinis / Abydos ] then 10 Memphite rulers [ regent of the district "White Wall" ( Inebu - Hedj ) Capital: antique Men nefer, possibly Hat -ka- Ptah; gr Memphis; With today Rahine ]. You should all have partially tried over several hundred years by force to gain control of the kingdom. source is missing
- Column 2: 11-25 ( Meni to Seneferka )
Third column
Only in the third part of the column begins the actual list of kings. It even special feats and foundations of the respective rulers are mentioned. Finally, the government is called duration, and the age of the ruler at the time of their resignation or her death.
- Column 3: 1-25 ( Neferkasokar to Unas )
- Column 4: Badly damaged most rulers of the First Intermediate Period
- Column 5: strongly destroyed, 12-17 ( 11th Dynasty ), 20-25 (12th dynasty )
- Column 6: 1-2 (late 12th Dynasty), 5-27 ( 13th dynasty )
- Column 7: 1-23 (late 13th Dynasty? )
- Column 8: 1-27 (14th dynasty )
- Column 9: 1-30 (14th dynasty )
- Column 10: 1-30 ( 14th and 15th dynasty )
- Column 11: 1 -? ( 16th and 17th dynasty )
Special importance is given to the fact that even the ruler of the Second Intermediate Period to be named, although not preceded by the name of the foreign rulers, the royal titulary, but a special sign for "Alien ruler ", or " Big Stranger ".
Comparisons
Comparisons with other king lists provided a great resemblance to the Greek list of Manetho of Sebennytos. The hieroglyphic lists of Saqqara, Abydos and Karnak contain a much shorter line of kings.
Reconstruction
Later work on the fragments by the Munich Egyptologist Jens Peter Lauth unverified source is largely missing the Seyffarthsche reconstruction, the original arrangement was reduced from XII to X columns. In this case there is still the problem that about 50% of the reconstructed surface remains free. Either these fragments are lost forever, or the existing fragments must be pushed together more, which leads to compliance with hieroglyphic lists would be possible. The claim Seyffarth, Champollion had a large portion of the fragments in the " cloaca " tipped, is anyone's guess and is probably derived from the former museum director who did not like Champollion.