Turnera

Turnera subulata

The Safranmalven ( Turnera ) are the eponymous genus of the subfamily of Safranmalvengewächse ( Turneroideae ) in the family of the passion flower plants ( Passifloraceae ). Few species are there used as medicinal herbs and aphrodisiac. The botanical genus name honors the English naturalist William Turner.

Description

In the genus Turnera there are annual and perennial herbaceous plants and woody plants: shrubs. Secondary growth occurs by a conventional Kambiumring to plant parts are often hairs ( trichomes ) are present. The alternate and spirally arranged leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The simple leaf blade is pinnately. The leaf margin is serrated. There are glands or extra-floral nectaries at the base of the leaf blade. There are no stipules present.

The flowers are about (usually two ) bracts individually together in the leaf axils or in racemose inflorescences. The hermaphrodite, radial symmetry, five petals have a double perianth. The free flower cup ( hypanthium ) is short or Roehrig. There are five sepals present. The five petals are nailed and usually yellow. It's just a circle (the outer ) with five free, fertile stamens present; they are not fused with the petals and spring deep in the flower cups. Three carpels are fused into a single chamber, superior ovaries. Each ovary contains from 25 to 100 anatrope ovules in parietal placentation. There are three free pen available.

There shall be a dreifächerige capsule fruits that usually contain many seeds. The elongate or cylindrical seeds are curved. They contain much oily endosperm and a differentiated, straight embryo. The seeds are surrounded by an aril.

Pollination is by a large number of bee and butterfly species ( entomophily ).

Systematics and distribution

Up to two African species all species are native to the New World.

The genus Turnera contains 50 to over 140 species that are organized since 1883 in Urban nine series:

  • Series salicifoliae Urb.: Turnera ignota Arbo
  • Turnera panamensis Urb.
  • Turnera weddelliana Urb. & Rolfe
  • Turnera capitata Cambess.
  • Turnera maracasana Arbo
  • Turnera calyptrocarpa Urb.
  • Turnera diffusa Willd.
  • Turnera chamaedrifolia Cambess.
  • Turnera Aurelii Arbo
  • Turnera campaniflora Arbo
  • Turnera candida Arbo
  • Turnera coerulea DC.
  • Turnera concinna Arbo
  • Turnera cuneiformis Poir.
  • Turnera fernandezii Arbo
  • Turnera grandidentata ( Urb. ) Arbo
  • Turnera grandiflora ( Urb. ) Arbo
  • Turnera hermannioides Cambess.
  • Turnera krapovickasii Arbo
  • Turnera joelii Arbo
  • Turnera occidentalis Arbo & Shore
  • Turnera orientalis ( Urb. ) Arbo
  • Turnera scabra Millspaugh
  • Turnera stenophylla Urb.
  • Turnera subulata Smith
  • Turnera ulmifolia L.
  • Turnera velutina Presl.
  • Turnera bahiensis Urb.
  • Turnera cearensis Urb.
  • Turnera hassleriana Urb.
  • Turnera melochioides Cambess.
  • Turnera nervosa Urb.
  • Turnera opifera Mart.
  • Turnera pumilea L.
  • Turnera sidoides L.
  • Other types (selection): Turnera acuta
  • Turnera aromatica
  • Turnera aurantiaca
  • Turnera callosa
  • Turnera hindsiana
  • Turnera melochioides
  • Turnera orientalis
  • Turnera panamensis
  • Turnera trioniflora

Pictures

Turnera ulmifolia:

Swell

  • H.R. Coleman: in Western Australian Flora, 2008: Turnera - Online. ( Description section )
  • V.G. Solís Neffa1 and A. Fernández: Chromosome studies in Turnera ( Turneraceae ), in Genet. Mol Biol, Volume 23, No. 4, 2000: doi: 10.1590/S1415-47572000000400037
Rosids William Turner (naturalist) Ovary (botany) Digital Object Identifier
700557
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