Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution

The 27th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States is:

No law that changed the payment for the services of the Senators and House of Representatives members to enter into force before a new election of the House of Representatives has taken place.

Originally adopted in 1789 as the 2nd Amendment by Congress and sent to the then Federal States, it reached only 200 years later, in May 1992, which required parliamentary approval of ¾ of all states.

Content

This Amendment to the Constitution of the United States determined that the changes to the diets of members of Congress come into force until after the next election. This article should serve to limit the power of Congress to set its own diets, since it is an obvious conflict of interest. However, there are surcharges to offset higher cost of living. The federal courts have ruled that they do not apply as diet increases.

First versions of this article had been proposed in 1788 by the states of North Carolina, Virginia and New York.

Ratification process

In the House, this constitutional amendment was proposed by Mr James Madison, who later became the fourth President of the United States. The proposal was then adopted as the second of twelve amendments to the Constitution September 25, 1789 by the 1st Congress and submitted for ratification to the states. While ten of the twelve proposals were 1791 ratified by a sufficient number of states to become part of the Constitution as the Bill of Rights, missed the first and second of the proposed constitutional amendments the necessary ¾ majority, which was at that time in eleven states - the number of states increased the minimum necessary number accordingly.

After 1789-1791, the addition products of only six states had been accepted (Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Delaware, Vermont and Virginia), the proposal was largely forgotten. As Gregory Watson, a student at the University of Texas at Austin, found out within the framework of a seminar paper in 1982, but had in 1978 Wyoming, and in 1873, Ohio in protest against the " Salary grave " became known doubling of the President covers and significant increase in MPs salaries, a seventh and eighth state to ratify the proposal. Watson decided to advertise for a ratification of the proposal by other states. Beginning with Maine and Colorado could be obtained in the following decade, increasing numbers of states for this Amendment. On 18 May 1992, the Archivist of the United States finally confirmed the occurrence of the necessary three-quarters majority, so that the constitutional amendment had become as the 27th Amendment of the Constitution. This reaffirmed on 20 May 1992, both the House of Representatives and the Senate Concurrent Resolution by.

Already about fifty years before the Supreme Court had ruled that when added articles can be held ratification at any time without an explicit expiration date, and they never expire.

Data subject to ratification

The data subject to ratification by the individual states:

  • Maryland on December 19, 1789
  • North Carolina on December 22, 1789
  • South Carolina on January 19, 1790
  • Delaware on January 28, 1790
  • Vermont on November 3, 1791
  • Virginia on December 15, 1791
  • Ohio on May 6, 1873
  • Wyoming on March 6, 1978
  • Maine on April 27, 1983
  • Colorado April 22, 1984
  • South Dakota on February 21, 1985
  • New Hampshire on 7 March 1985
  • Arizona on April 3, 1985
  • Tennessee on 23 May 1985
  • Oklahoma on 10 July 1985
  • New Mexico on February 14, 1986
  • Indiana on February 24, 1986
  • Utah February 25, 1986
  • Arkansas on March 13, 1987
  • Montana on March 17, 1987
  • Connecticut on May 13, 1987
  • Wisconsin on July 15, 1987
  • Georgia on February 2, 1988
  • West Virginia on 10 March 1988
  • Louisiana on July 7, 1988
  • Iowa on 9 February 1989
  • Idaho on March 23, 1989
  • Nevada on April 26, 1989
  • Alaska on May 6, 1989
  • Oregon on May 19, 1989
  • Minnesota on May 22, 1989
  • Texas on May 25, 1989
  • Kansas on April 5, 1990
  • Florida on 31 May 1990
  • North Dakota on 25 March 1991
  • Missouri on 5 May 1992
  • Alabama on 5 May 1992
  • Michigan on 7 May 1992
  • New Jersey on 7 May 1992
  • Illinois May 12, 1992
  • California on 26 June 1992
  • Rhode Iceland on 10 June 1993
May 18 State legislature (United States) List of amendments to the United States Constitution 1st United States Congress United States Bill of Rights John Dean
13046
de