United Nations Operation in Mozambique

The Opération des Nations Unies au Mozambique ( German United Nations Operation in Mozambique, ONUMOZ ), a UN peacekeeping mission, was launched on 13 October 1992 (Resolution 782 of the UN Security Council) to life in order to implement the " General Peace Agreement " from the President of Mozambique, Joaquim Chissano, and the President of Resistência Nacional Moçambicana ( Renamo ), Afonso Dhlakama had been finalized and signed.

The mandate included the implementation of the Agreement: monitoring the ceasefire and the withdrawal of foreign troops, securing the transport corridors and the provision of technical assistance and monitoring of subsequent elections. ONUMOZ was from December 1992 to December 1994 ( effective until the end of January 1995) in use.

Were the most important tasks of effective ONUMOZ

  • The collection of 155,000 weapons and demobilization of 76,000 actually 360,000 fighters in 49 collection, which initially met with almost insuperable mistrust of the combatants on all sides. It was not until a trip to the UN Secretary-General in October 1993 and a further resolution of the UN Security Council ( Security Council resolution 882 (1993)) solved this blockade.
  • The formation of the Mozambican Defence Forces, was started on 22 July 1993, were integrated into the 10,000 fighters in the civil war troops of both sides.
  • The preparation of the elections, which were present on 26 March 1993, the first draft, which was immediately bogged down the political negotiations. Only after the visit of the UN Secretary-General in October 1993 and some follow-up negotiations progressed, the negotiation process so that the new electoral law entered into force on 12 January 1994.
  • The evacuation of the transport routes of mines.
  • The fuse, sometimes carrying the return of 3.7 million refugees, of which only 1.7 million of the UN refugee agency UNHCR could be brought to their villages, which were at a distance from their biggest project. In addition, 3 million displaced persons ( displaced persons ) had to be returned to their places of origin. This part of the humanitarian program devoured 616 million U.S. $.
  • The perception of police duties after the end of troop mobilization (resolution 898 (1994 ) of the UN Security Council)
  • The observation of the elections. In October 1994, elections were held and agreed on 8/9 December, the new parliament and the new president, Joaquim Alberto Chissano, introduced in their offices. Thus, the mandate of ONUMOZ was fulfilled and at the same time off.

The mandate has cost without humanitarian assistance of U.S. $ 492.6 million.

ONUMOZ had an authorized strength of:

  • 6,625 troops and support troops ( max. thickness: 6.576 on 30 November 1993, 3941 November 30, 1994)
  • 354 Military Observers (204 November 30, 1994 )
  • 1,144 civilian police officers ( max. thickness: 1.087 on 30 October 1994)
  • 355 UN employees
  • 506 local employees
  • 900 election observers
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