Vanino, Khabarovsk Krai

Wanino (Russian Ванино ) is an urban-type settlement in Khabarovsk (Russia) with 17,001 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010 ).

Geography

The urban-type settlement located about 630 km east of the regional capital of Khabarovsk on the Wanin Bay of Tatarensundes, the strait between Japanese sea and Ochotskischem sea.

The urban-type settlement Wanino is the region under the direct and since 1973 the administrative center of the homonymous Rajons.

History

On May 23, 1853 Lieutenant Nikolai Boschnjak discovered in the expedition under the direction of the later Admiral Gennady Nevelskoi on the coast of Tatarensundes the existing of several bays natural harbor, at the western shore is the urban-type settlement Wanino today. While on the south side of the natural harbor was a military post from which later developed into the settlement Imperatorskaja Gawain and present city Sovetskaya Gavan, the west coast has been inhabited for nearly a century, another by only a few natives of the area, and Orotschen Udehe.

In 1874, the area was surveyed during an expedition of the topographer Logwin Bolschew, who named one of the bays of the natural harbor after the expedition members and topographer Iakim Wanin. From the name of the bay of today's village name was derived.

During the Second World War in 1943 started the construction of a railway line from the right bank of the Amur Komsomolsk-on- Amur towards the Pacific coast at Sovetskaya Gavan. About 30 km of track before the end point was started at the Wanin Bay with the construction of a seaport and an associated settlement. As founding of the port and place shall be the 18. October 1943. 1944 took the port to run on, 1945, the railway line. The importance of the port grew significantly after the explosion of the steamer Dalstroy with 7000 tons and 400 tons of trinitrotoluene Ammonal in the port of Nakhodka on June 24, 1946 by which the local port facilities were largely destroyed and had to be diverted freight flows by Wanino.

During the construction of railway and harbor, and in the subsequent period existed in Wanino several prison camp in the Gulag system: the WaninLag ( Waninski ITL) and the transit camp Wanino. The latter served as a temporary storage for the transport of prisoners to Magadan and Kolyma in the area. It is estimated up to two million prisoners, who moved here between railways and ships. The bearing of Wanino were mentioned among others by Alexander Solzhenitsyn in The Gulag Archipelago and Varlam Schalamow in the Kolyma Tales. Wanino was also known by the song Waninski port ( The port Wanino ), which originated in the 1940's unofficial " anthem " of the Kolyma prisoners:

" Yes pomnju dead Waniniski port I wid parochoda ugrjumy Kak contemporary and min trapu my po na bort W cholodnyje mratschnyje trjumy. <...> "

" I remember those port Wanino And the dark appearance of the steamer As we walked across the gangway to Bort In the cold dark holds. <...> "

Wanino was first district of Sovetskaya Gavan, however, on June 5, 1958 as a freelance urban-type settlement. Sister city Ishikari of the place is on the west coast of the Japanese island of Hokkaidō.

Demographics

Note: Census data

Economy and infrastructure

Main economic factor is the deep water port that can accommodate vessels up to 45,000 dwt. 2007, nearly 6.5 million tons were transshipped goods. Main goods are wood, ores and scrap, coal and container. Since 1973 there is a rail ferry after Kholmsk on Sakhalin Island, on which the Sakhalin Railway is connected to the all-Russian route network. A car and Passagierfährverbindung is also about Kholmsk in the Japanese Otaru. Regular shipping routes lead to Korsakov on Sakhalin, Magadan and Petropavlovsk -Kamchatsky and in the South Korean Busan. In winter, the harbor is kept free of ice with ice-breakers, usually between January and March.

Wanino is located on the railway line from Komsomolsk-on- Amur by Sovetskaya Gavan, which today makes up the eastern extension of the Baikal - Amur Mainline.

In addition, the timber industry in Rajon plays a certain role.

Personalities

• Gennadi Tsygankov (1947-2006), ice hockey player and coach, Olympic champion in 1972 and 1976; Born in Wanino