Vitis berlandieri

Vitis berlandieri

Vitis berlandieri is a Weinrebenart, which has great importance as a rootstock mainly because of their resistance to phylloxera. The discoverer Jules Émile Planchon phylloxera (1823 - 1888) described the American wild species around 1880 and named it after the Swiss biologist Jean Louis Berlandier (1805 - 1851), the first time this has cataloged. He was a close associate of Augustin- de Candolle Pyrame.

Dissemination

Vitis berlandieri is from the south-western Texas, New Mexico and northern Mexico. It is distributed along river banks and on hot, dry, chalky hills. Due to the good adaptation to semi-desert locations it has a whole series of important breeding characteristics. In the vicinity of Fredericksburg in Gillespie County west of Austin in Texas, Vitis berlandieri forms near streams of thick stems, grows vigorously up to the highest treetops where it develops its canopy. On dry sites in the district Blanco of growth is greatly reduced and only reaches a height 2-3 meters.

Ampelographic features

Vitis berlandieri has an open shoot tip color from white to red, thick woolly hair. The leaves are heart-shaped with weakly trained Dreilappung. The lower leaf surface is hairy spinnwebartig. The bloom is usually dioecious and develop medium-sized grapes with many side branches. The berries are small, round, blue colored and the grape juice has a sour taste. From the grape wine obtained is of very poor quality.

Vitis berlandieri - leaves.

Properties

Vitis berlandieri has a good resistance to the root phylloxera, powdery mildew and downy mildew. It has a high lime and salt tolerance, but requires a longer growing season. Unfavorable for the proliferation is the bad Bewurzelbarkeit from the plug- wood, which makes it unusable as a sole Unterlagenrebe. It has its main significance therefore as crossing partners in the breeding of rootstock varieties. But the introduction of Vitis berlandieri as crossing partners led to kalkwiderstandsfähigen rootstock varieties. The most important are the Vitis berlandieri x Vitis riparia hybrids.

Use

Vitis berlandieri is the most interesting of all vine species for use as rootstock for the different calcareous soil in Europe. Due to their poor Bewurzelungsfähigkeit and the associated slow and poor development of the vines in the first few years attention has been given to the production of hybrids. Euryale Rességuier, a French Rebschulist, has selected a type from the Berlandieri, which is called as Berlandieri Rességuier No. 2 in the literature. This has, however, in practice does not obtain meaning from the disadvantages already mentioned. Euryale Rességuier also became familiar with the hybridization with Vitis riparia. 1896 moved into the Hungarian winery owner Sigmund Teleki Villány 22 pounds of wild grape Vitis seeds Berlandieri from him. Because of that special quarantine regulations of traffic with green or woody Rebteilen was banned because of the risk of further spread of phylloxera ( Viteus vitifoliae ), hence referring Teleki Rebsamen. He planted them about 40,000 seedlings in faith, to have received only pure Vitis berlandieri. It soon turned out that only 10 seedlings Vitis berlandieri and the majority were French and Americo -American hybrids. The selected therefrom by Sigmund Teleki Vitis berlandieri x Vitis riparia hybrids presented but later became the basis for the main rootstock varieties, such as Teleki 5 A, Kober 5 BB, Kober 125 AA, Teleki 8B, Teleki 5C and Selection Oppenheim 4 dar.

Synonyms

Vitis aestivalis Gray, Vitis aestivalis var monticola Engelmann, Vitis aestivalis Wright, Vitis cordifolia Coriaca Davin, Vitis coriacea Davin, Vitis montana Buckley. , Vitis monticola Durand, Vitis monticola Engelmann, Vitis monticola million.

Trivial names

Kalkrebe, Fall Grape, Mountain Grape, Spanish Grape, Grape Suger, Sweet Grape, Uva cimarrona, Winter Grape.