Vladimir Vernadsky

Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky (Russian: Владимир Иванович Вернадский; * 28 Februarjul / March 12 1863greg in Saint Petersburg, .. † January 6, 1945 in Moscow) was a Russian geologist, geochemist and mineralogist, one of the founders of geochemistry, geology and the Radio biogeochemistry.

Life

The son of a liberal professor of economics from 1881 to 1885 studied natural sciences at the University of St. Petersburg. He specialized in the areas of geology and mineralogy at Vasily Vasilievich Dokuchaev. In 1888 he visited Munich and Paris in 1889. Even after Italy 's two-year journey took him. From 1890 he taught as a lecturer in mineralogy. From 1898 to 1911 he was a professor of mineralogy at the Moscow State University.

Member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences ( Academy of Sciences ), he was in 1912, whose extraordinary he was a member since 1909. To the Director of the geological and mineralogical museum of the Academy of Sciences, he was appointed 1914. 1919 he became the first president of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.

From 1922 to 1926 it took a stay in Paris, where he gave lectures at the Sorbonne geochemistry, the 1924 book (" La geochemistry " ) published in French in 1930 and supplemented in German language. In 1926 he returned to the Soviet Union and was from 1929 until his death, director of the biochemical laboratory of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. From 1939 he was also director and founder of the National Radium Institute in Petrograd.

Importance

He popularized the concept of the noosphere as the first, so that the biosphere, which is controlled by the consciousness of man. Within the past 200 years humanity as such comes to great importance for geology, inasmuch as it moves in total mass of the Earth more than the processes of pure biosphere.

Vernadsky set two laws by which

As a high school teacher, he joined for social progress and took in the press critical political issues of public life in Russia position. He was a member of the Constitutionally Democratic Party (also: " Cadets "), whose central committee he was a member from 1905 to 1922.

He was confronted with questions of raw material problems due to the outbreak of the First World War. On his initiative, a commission to study the natural production resources of Russia at the Academy of Sciences ( KEPS ) was founded in 1915, which was active until 1930 and especially the mineral deposits in Russia explored.

After the February Revolution of 1917 he was temporarily head of department in the Ministry of National Education of the Provisional Government. The end of 1917 he moved to Kiev and the Crimea. In 1921 he returned to Petrograd. In the 20 years he worked in a Commission for the History of Science. In 1927 he was part of the Soviet delegation to the "Russian naturalist Week" in Berlin, where he gave some very highly regarded lectures. At the International Geologenkonkress 1937 in Moscow, he spoke in the plenary on the role of radioactivity in geology.

Vernadsky is considered one of the founders and theoreticians of the geochemistry and biogeochemistry, as well as the doctrine of the biosphere and noosphere. He also examined the construction of the silicates, the role of organisms in the geochemical processes and the radioactivity of minerals. His investigations were also the geochemistry of rare and dispersed elements, clarifying geochemical phenomena and processes such as geothermal energy with the help of the radioactivity and the determination of the absolute age of rocks.

From the dynamic Mineralogy Vernadsky and his students developed Fersman geochemistry as a separate branch of science. From 1922 he worked on the chemical composition of organic substances, the process and the effects of geochemical processes in which organisms are involved, and thus founded the biogeochemistry. In 1942 he published a synthesis of his ideas on the planet earth and the foundations of its geochemical and biological building developed from the system of geochemical cycles theory of geological cases ( Geosphere or Erdsphären ).

Logically, he developed this further by studies on Geoecology. He developed the theory of the biosphere, discovered the negentropic factor in nature and coined the term noosphere in his enttheologisierten form. The importance Vernadsky for the geosciences is often compared with the role of Darwin in biology:

His students included Alexander Fersman, Vitaly Chlopin (1890-1950) and Alexander Vinogradov, the very amounted to the popularization and development of its research.

The Wernadskowo Prospekt in Moscow (western administrative district), the Wernadskyj National Library and the National Tauride Wernadskyj University in Ukraine have been named after Vernadsky.

Publications

  • Kratki course mineralogical, schitani studentam - medikam 1891-1892, Moscow 1891
  • Whether izuscheni estestwennih proizwoditelnih sil Rossii, in:. Izvestia Akad Nauk, ser 6, 9 (1915 ), 8, 679-700
  • La geochemistry, Paris 1924
  • Geochemistry in selected chapters, Authorized translation from the Russian by Dr. E. Kordes, Leipzig 1930
  • Neskolko slow o nooSFere, in: Uspechi biologii 18 (1944 ) 2, 113-120
  • Rasmyschlenija naturalista, Moscow 1977
  • Ziwoje wesestwo, Moscow 1978
  • Filisowkije mysli natguralista, Moscow 1988
  • Trudy po istorii wseobschej nauki, Moscow 1988
  • Trudy po istorii Rossii nauki w, Moscow 1988
  • Isbrannije trudy - Kristallografija, Moscow 1988

English Language Translations:

Chemical element Biological life cycle Russian Provisional Government Dispersion Charles Darwin Alexander Pavlovich Vinogradov Western Administrative Okrug Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine Integrated Authority File
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