William Tyndale
William Tyndale [ tɪndəl ] (* around 1484 in North Nibley at Gloucester, England; † October 6, 1536 in Vilvoorde, near Brussels ) was a priest and scholar, and translated the Bible into the English language. There have been earlier translations, but thanks to the invention of the printing press, it was the first to found a broad distribution.
Life
The date of his birth is uncertain, the data are available 1484-1496. He was probably born in North Nibley, 15 miles from Gloucester in England. He received his university education at Oxford, Magdalen Hall, and at the University of Cambridge. Around 1520 he became a tutor in the family of Sir John Walsh at Little Sodbury in Gloucestershire.
Tyndale worked on the Bible and took on the doctrines of the Reformation; these views were from a Roman Catholic point of view as heretical. This led to conflict. Tyndale left London around 1523. With the support of Sir Humphrey Monmouth, a wholesale merchant in London, and other interested citizens to a translation of the Bible, he began in Germany, probably Wittenberg (see below), to translate the Bible into the English language. This translation was not authorized by the Church, it contained comments, reproductions, the reformist perspectives. He could no longer work in England therefore. Persecuted for heresy, Tyndale remained in Germany.
In the spring of 1524 Tyndale probably came via Hamburg to the University of Wittenberg, where he was probably enrolled on May 27, 1524 under the pseudonym " Guillelmus Daltici ex Anglia ". Here he worked on his translation of the Bible, until he had in 1525 a print-ready template. These he brought to Cologne printer Quentel where original 3000 copies were to be printed in quarto. However, the pressure in 1526 by Luther 's opponents John Cochlaeus was betrayed, but with his staff Tyndale escaped to Worms. In Cologne, with the pressure of the New Testament had been started in the summer of 1525 in Worms has now begun anew, and in 1526 appeared here an octavo edition in an edition of 6000 copies at the printer Peter Schoeffer the Younger.
The translation of Tyndale was banned by the British government and burned his books. Only two copies of the octavo edition of Worms are obtained. Tyndale himself was condemned at the instigation of representatives of King Henry VIII and the Church of England, which was just about to move away from the Church of Rome and their perspective on this issue was still holding, to be burned at the stake. He was strangled in 1536 Vilvoorde ( about 10 km north of Brussels) on October 6 and then burned.
Legacy
With his translation of the Bible he introduced new concepts into the English language: Jehovah, Passover ( as the name of a Jewish festival ), scapegoat, atonement ( = at one ment ), "the powers that be ", "my brother's keeper ", "the salt of the earth" and "a law unto Themselves ".
While the King James Bible for the English-speaking Protestantism should be of greater influence later, Tyndale's translation is still an important component of the collective Anglophone memory, and for two reasons: Firstly, his version was the phrase that William Shakespeare knew and quoted. Secondly, his translation of the Psalms is the basis for the Psalm translations in the various Anglican Books of Common Prayer, which are through the centuries and even today liturgical use.
Spalatin writes about Tyndale in a diary entry of 11 August in 1526.
Remembrance
Tyndale Memorial on October 6 applies to the following churches:
- Protestant churches: Evangelical Church in Germany
- Evangelical Lutheran Church in America
Films
The Life of William Tyndale was filmed twice: first under the title of William Tindale and on the other hand, under the title William Tyndale - Outlaw in the name of God. Even in the short film Stephen 's Test of Faith is a theatrical representation of William Tyndale to find.