Wine law
As wine is rightly referred to collectively those statutory provisions that deal with the cultivation, manufacture and sale of wine.
Wine Law in Germany
The German wine law ( WeinG 1994) divides German wines exclusively by the sugar content of must (in degrees Oechsle ), connected to a regional designation, but without origin or position classification, into four quality classes:
Stages are ( in descending order of quality in addition to sparkling wine psr, quality sparkling wine psr and quality liqueur wine psr )
The attainment of the upper two levels presupposes the existence of an official quality wine testing, a substantially sensory testing, ahead of the primary prevention not marketable wines, that seeks to sort out faulty wines. The existence of official quality wine testing is reported obligatory on the labels of wines with the official approval number ( AP-Nr. ).
The German wine law prohibited the marketing of art of wine, which was incompatible with EU law. Production and sale of this art wines are in the EU since the entry into force of the Wine Trade Agreement on 1 January 2006 allowed previously allowed these wines are not traded (mostly Californian, Australian and New Zealand wines) in the EU.
The new EU wine market organization, the quality levels are renamed in August 2009, as in all other wine-producing countries of the EU. In Germany and other German-speaking countries, for example, the existing country wine " Wine with a protected geographical indication PGI "
The former scale give way to a
History
The Roman emperor Domitian ( 51-96 ) imposed in the year 92 the prohibition on planting vines in the provinces outside of Italy or ordered to clear existing vineyards in part. Emperor Probus ( 276-282 ) lifted the ban again, he allowed in the year 280 " all Gauls, Spaniards and Britons to own vines and make wine."
A first " regulation and statutes about the wine " of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation was issued at the Diet of 1498 to Freiburg im Breisgau. Should wine fakes be counteracted.
The following wine laws have been enacted since 1892 at the federal level:
- Law relating to the marketing of wine, wine- and wine-like beverages of 20 April 1892 ( Reich Law Gazette p 597) - Provisions against counterfeit wine, legalization of sugaring in exceptional cases;
- Law relating to the marketing of wine, wine- and wine-like beverages of 24 May 1901 ( Reich Law Gazette p 175 ) - Definition of acreage, grape varieties and wine selection;
- Wine Law of 7 April 1909 (and RGBl. S. 393) - first legal definition of wine, new rules on wine improvement, separation of the wine control of food control, introduction of accounting obligations of winemakers, definition of specified regions;
- Wine Law of 25 July 1930 ( Reich Law Gazette I, p 356) - rules on the wine;
- Wine Law of 16 July 1969 ( Federal Law Gazette I, p 781) - introduction of three grades of wine ( table wine, quality wine, quality wine with attributes ) that grades are determined by Oechsle degrees, the quality of wine is officially examined chemically and sensorially and receives an official exam Number;
- Wine Law of 14 July 1971 (Federal Law Gazette I, p 893 ) - Consideration of Council Regulation ( EEC ) No 817/70 of 28 April 1970 (OJ No L 99, p 20), replace " table wine " by " table wine ";
- Wine Act of 8 July 1994 ( Federal Law Gazette I p 1467 ) - bringing together the wine law with the wine law, redesign of the maximum yield per hectare regulations, transfer of powers to the Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection.
Wine Law in France
There are four classes that do not divide the wine in the first line of quality, but guarantee the origin and production methods. The layout varies depending on the area:
Wine Law in Italy
The Wine Law divides the wines into four classes, from the highest classes DOCG and DOC to the lowest class of the Vino da Tavola.
Wine Law in Spain
In 1972, the Instituto Nacional de Denominaciones de Origen was founded. The Institute monitors the various Denominaciones de Origen, in each of which a control committee ( " Regulatory Board " ) performs the configuration and monitoring of the relevant provisions.
Category of " Vinos de Calidad en Producidos Regiones Determinadas " ( VCPRD ): "Quality wines produced in specified regions " under EU law
Category of " Vinos de la mesa " (VDM ): " table wines " under EU law
Wine Law in Portugal
With the Região Demarcada from the mid-18th century, Portugal was the first country a form of designation of origin.
Wine Law in Switzerland
The Rebbaubeschluss shares the wines, starting from the origin and the sugar content of the grapes into three categories.
Wine Law in Austria
The Austrian wine categories are similar to those of Germany. Generally, higher must weights for each category are prescribed. Must weight is measured in Austria in degrees KMW.
- Federal Law on the marketing of wine and fruit wine (Wine Act 2009 ), Federal Law Gazette 111
Wine Law in Hungary
The Hungarian wine law is similar to the western neighbors. The wines are divided into:
The country has 22 regions and 6 regions. The quality is in ° KMW. A small role is played by the yield and the origin ..
Wine Law in the Czech Republic
1995 was a new wine law. This defines the wine growing, production and the different types of wine. Because of the sugar content in the wines table wines, quality wines and wines are classified with attribute name. The latter are in turn divided into Kabinett wines, late harvest and Auslese.
Wine Law in Slovakia
In 1996, a new wine law was introduced, although other law regulations affect viticulture. The wines are classified in table wine, quality wine, premium wine ( with attribute name). The main responsibility for quality control and for the promotion of viticulture is the Viticulture Institute in Bratislava.
Wine Law in Romania
The government introduced in 1971 a system for the classification of wines into five grades on the way.
The VSOC - classification is similar to the German grade quality wine with attributes, and is divided into fully ripe harvest maturity precious read or read and precious berry harvest.
Wine Law in Bulgaria
1978 adopted a wine law, whose aim was to raise the quality of wine production, the Bulgarian Parliament.
Wine Law in Slovenia
The origin and the marketing of Slovenian wines are subject to a strict origin and quality control. It corresponds approximately to the rest of Europe applied.
Wine Law in Croatia
The Croatian wine laws are largely adapted to the European. There are both origin - as well as quality labels.
Wine Law in Greece
Even in ancient times, the Greek wines were provided with designations of origin. The modern appellation system was introduced in 1969-1971. When Greece joined in 1981, the European Union, the wine laws to those of the other Member States have been adjusted. There are two quality classes.
Wine Law in England
Since the 1991 harvest, an EU project is to introduce a Quality Wine system. The intention is to limit the yield and, as in other EU Länderen, the abundance of cheap wines. A major problem for many English winemakers is that the quality status only applies to wines from recognized varieties. In half of the vineyards but not recognized the growing variety Seyval Blanc, a hybrid. In the current EU project England and Wales are in the Southern Counties and the Northern Counties were divided. Wines which comply with all the rules prescribed, may use the terms Wine produced in a specific region, or the geographical name or Southern Counties Northern Counties. Before this project results in a wine law, you will still find many table wines.
Wine Law in Luxembourg
1935 was introduced for the classification of wines according to quality, the Marque Nationale. The classes are table wine, quality wine and quality wine with special attributes. The predicates are classified as follows: Vin classé, Premier Cru and Grand Premier Cru. All wines other than table wines must have a control number on the label.
Wine Law in South Africa
The name Wine of Origin was introduced in 1973. WO wines have either a guarantee of origin, a guarantee of origin, a vine guarantee or a year of warranty. Varietal Wines must originate at least 75% of the said variety, which in turn was vinified from 75% a year. The WO- Seal is issued by the Wine & Spirits Board after various tests. A special WO- label guarantees the failed exam. Estate bottled confirms the vinification and bottling by the specified winery.
Wine Law in the United States
The federal agency that controls wine, called the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF ). In 1978, the country was divided into AVA. The following criteria are applicable: If you specify on the label the origin denomination, this region of origin must be recognized by the federal authority. An AVA must be unique and contain a clear geographical delineation with regard to climate, soil conditions and history. The name of the region may be specified only if at least 85 % of the wine grapes from this region come. Varietal Wines: At least 75 % of the wine must be produced from the above-mentioned species. If the area of origin mentioned on the label, 100 % of the grapes must come from there. If a vineyard mentioned, 95 % of the grapes must come from there. If the year is specified, the wine must be 95 % come from that year. Semi Generic Wines and Generic Wines are mostly so-called Jug Wines. They often wear fancy names like " Chablis ", " Rhine " and " Burgundy" and its production is hardly regulated by law. Sparkling wine: Does the wine, the name " Champagne " on the bottle, it must follow a precise statement: " méthode champenoise " or " fermented in this bottle" corresponds to the champagne method; "Bottle fermented " or " Fermented in the bottle" corresponds to the Transvasierverfahren; "Bulk process" or " charmat process" means tank fermentation.
Wine Law in Chile
There is a strictly regulated control system in terms of production and consumption. The laws in Chile are very reminiscent of the Appelationssystem in France: regulation of the annual income and mandatory reporting of higher production and residual stocks.
Wine Law in Australia
In Australia, still there is no wine law, that would be the European similar. But there is a Label Integrity Program, which guarantees the origin of the grape varieties. If a grape variety indicated on the label, the wine must be at least 85 % of the species included. If a wine region called the wine to 85% must come from this area. Appears on the label of the vintage, the wine of 85% this year must come. 2001, the term Geograpical Indications was introduced. This sets limits of cultivation zones. The GI (Geographical Indication) is divided as follows: States - larger regions ( States) - regions - sub-regions.