Wolfgang Döblin
Wolfgang Döblin, Wolfgang Doeblin or Vincent Doblin ( born March 17, 1915 in Berlin, † June 21, 1940 in Housseras the Vosges ), the second son of the German writer Alfred Döblin was a German - French mathematician.
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Life
Wolfgang Döblin attended the courses students of the German School of Political Science (Berlin), whose diploma he wanted to achieve during his high school years. After clashes with Nazi partisans - Doblin was of Jewish origin and saw himself as a socialist - he had to leave the university, however. 1933, the family Doblin fled from the Nazis to Zurich, then to Paris. At the Sorbonne, he took in October 1933 to be begun in Zurich mathematics and physics studies on again. After graduation, he studied under the guidance of Maurice Fréchet, on probability theory. Since his student days, the Doblin family with the family of Parisian probability theorist Paul Lévy was acquainted, who played an important role in Wolfgang Döblin's career. Soon, he scored highly acclaimed results, especially in the theory of Markowprozesse.
1936 Wolfgang Döblin French citizen. Shortly after his graduation in 1938, he had to play the two-year military service. He refused a reserve officer's career and therefore remained simple infantry soldier. In the army he called himself mostly ' Vincent Doblin '; his scientific work he recorded with " Wolfgang Doeblin ". During his military service, since the end of August 1939 as a Customer Service Representative in the 291st Infantry Regiment at Givet in the Ardennes, he continued his mathematical research continues unabated; even during the so-called " Drôle de guerre " he continued to struggle with the problems of probability theory, including the Kolmogorowschen equation. He sent His results in February 1940 in a " sealed envelope " to the Paris Académie des Sciences. The procedure of the " sealed envelope " is the depository for the purpose of copyright protection of unpublished scientific works and discoveries.
A short time later, his regiment came to the Saar front, close to the German border. In the Battle of France Doblin fought bravely in the Saar and Lorraine, and was awarded the croix de guerre.
After his unit was wiped out in June 1940 and the capitulation of France from the Germans was imminent, Wolfgang Döblin separated at the Col de la Chipotte in the Vosges mountains in the night of 20 June 21 by his comrades and hid on a farm in village Housseras. Upon arrival of a German vanguard he made his announcement made earlier true and shot himself to escape the safe capture by the Wehrmacht. He was initially buried as an unknown soldier in the village cemetery; the identification took place only in 1944. His parents were also interred in 1957 Housseras.
Wolfgang Döblin's contributions to the field of probability theory was only after the publication of the " sealed envelope " in 2000, known by the Académie des Sciences in Paris to a wide audience. A " sealed envelope " may a proceeding according to common since the 17th century only by the author or, in the event of his death, at the request of his heirs, otherwise only 100 years after his death, to be opened by a committee of the Académie des sciences. After Wolfgang Döblin's death, the envelope fell into oblivion, as it was mentioned by him only in a subordinate clause in a letter to his supervisor, the mathematician Maurice Fréchet. Only in the 1980s stumbled mathematician and historian of science Bernard Bru mention about this and did research in the archives of the Academy after. The content is considered by specialists as the coronation of Döblin's oeuvre. In 2002 appeared during reconstruction work in a French university more manuscripts, preparatory work and work documents Wolfgang Döblin.
With the publication " Sur l' équation de Kolmogorov ", which was published only in 2000, he already took the results on stochastic integration of Itō Kiyoshi anticipated. The city of Paris and Wolfgang Döblin Alfred honored in May 2006 with a plaque at the former residence of the family, the Square Henri- Delormel, in the 14th district of.
Bibliography
Numbering, [i ] for items [ CRi ] for messages in Comptes Rendus de l' Académie des Sciences ( CRAS ), according to Lindvall 1991 ( see References ). No.14, the "sealed envelope ", Bru / Yor 2002 ( see references ) complements.
Article
1 Le cas discontinu the probabilites en chaîne, In: . Publ Fac. Sci. Univ. Masaryk, 236, 3-13, 1937, 592
2 Sur le cas continu the probabilites en chaîne, In: . Rend. Accad. Lincei, 25, 1937, 170-176
3 Sur les liaisons à chaînes complètes (avec R. Fortet ) In: Bull. Soc. Math France, 65, 1937, 132-148
4 Sur l' équation de Smoluchowsky, In: . Internships de l' Académie d' Athènes, 12, 1937, 116-119
5 Sur les propriétés asymptotiques de Movements régis par certains types de chaînes simple, In: . Thèse Sci. Math Paris, Bucarest: Imprimerie Centrale, 1938, et Bull. Soc. Math Roumaine Sci. 39 (1 ), 1937, 57-115, 39 ( 2) 1937, 3-61
6 Sur l' équation matricielle A (t s ) = A ( t) A (s) et ses applications aux probabilites en chaîne, In: Bull. Sci. Math, 52, 1940, 21-32, 64 1938 35-37
7 Sur deux concernant les problemes de M. Kolmogorov chaînes dénombrables, In: Bull. Soc. Math France, 66, 1938, 210-220
8 Exposé de la Théorie des chaînes simple Constantes de Markoff à un nombre fini d' états, In: . Rev. Math Union Interbalkanique, 2, 1938, 77-105
9 Sur les sommes d' un grand nombre de variable indépendantes, In: Bull. Sci.math, 63, 1939, 23-32, 35-64.
10 Sur certains Movements aléatoires discontinus, In: . Skand. Aktuarietidskr. , 22, 1939, 211-222
11 Remarques sur la théorie métrique of fractions Continues, In: . Compositio Math, 7, 1940, 353-371
12 Éléments d'une théorie générale des chaînes simple Constantes de Markoff, In: . École Ann standard. Sup, 57, 1940, 61-111
13 Sur l' ensemble des Puissances d'une loi de probabilité, in: Studia Math, 9, 71-96 ( 1940).. Reproduit avec un supplément dans Ann. Ecole Normal Sup, 63, 1947, 317-350
14 Sur l' équation de Kolmogorov, Pli cachete déposé le 26 février 1940 ouvert le 18 mai 2000, In: . CR Acad. Sci. Paris, Series I, 331, 2000, 1031-1187
Releases in Comptes Rendus de l' Academie des Sciences
(PDF at Gallica )
[ CR1 ] Sur les sommes de variable aléatoires indépendantes à dispersions bornées inférieurement, (avec P. LÉVY ), In: CR Acad. Sci. Paris, 202, 1936, 2027-2029
[ CR2 ] Sur les chaînes discrèetes de Markoff, In: CR Acad. Sci. Paris, 203, 1936, 24-26
[ CR3 ] Sur les chaînes de Markoff, In: CR Acad. Sci. Paris, 203, 1936, 1210-1211
[ CR4 ] Sur deux notes de MM Kryloff et Bogoliouboff, (avec R. Fortet ), In: CR Acad. Sci. Paris, 204, 1937, 1699-1701
[ CR5 ] Éléments d'une théorie générale des chaînes Constantes simple de Markoff, In: CR Acad. Sci. Paris, 205, 1937, 7-9
[ CR6 ] Premiers éléments d'une étude de l' ensemble des systématique Puissances d'une loi de probabilites, In: CR Acad. Sci. Paris, 206, 1938, 306-308
[ CR7 ] Etude de l' ensemble des Puissances d'une loi de probabilites, In: CR Acad. Sci. Paris, 206, 1938, 718-720
[ CR8 ] Sur les sommes d' un grand nombre de vecteurs aléatoires, In: CR Acad. Sci. Paris, 207, 1938, 511-513
[ CR9 ] Sur l' équation de Kolmogorov, In: CR Acad. Sci. Paris, 207, 1938, 705-707
[ CR10 ] Sur certains Movements aléatoires, In: CR Acad. Sci. Paris, 208, 1939, 249-250
[ CR11 ] Sur un probléme de calcul of probabilites, In: CR Acad. Sci. Paris, 209, 1939, 742-743
[ CR12 ] Sur l' équation de Kolmogorov, In: CR Acad. Sci. Paris, 210, 1940, 365-367
[ CR13 ] Sur Movements of mixtes, In: C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 210, 1940, 690-692