Woodsiaceae

Oak fern ( Gymnocarpium dryopteris )

The Wimperfarngewächse ( Woodsiaceae ) are a family of genuine ferns ( Polypodiopsida ).

Features

The representatives of the family have creeping, ascending or erect rhizomes, shed sitting at their peak. The petioles have two vascular bundles, which are facing oblong or crescent- shaped, and each other. Towards the distal end of the stem through the two vascular bundles unite into a single channel-shaped. The leaf blades are uniform ( monomorphic ), rarely there are two forms ( dimorphic ). The leaf veins are feathery or forked, usually free, rarely connected by anastomoses.

The sori are abaxial ( on the underside of leaves ) and are round, J- shaped or linear. The indusium is kidney-shaped, linear, but may be absent. The spores are kidney-shaped, monolet ( a scar ). The Perispor (outermost, additionally mounted overlaid layer of the spore wall ) is winged, finned or spiny.

The basic chromosome number is in most cases x = 40 or 41, but can also be 31 ( Hemidictyum ), 33, 38, 39 ( Woodsia ) or 42 ( Cystopteris ) amount.

Dissemination

The family is almost cosmopolitan spread. The ferns grow mainly on the ground ( terrestrial).

System

The scope of family varies greatly depending on the author, their representatives are also sometimes placed in the family of Wurmfarngewächse ( Dryopteridaceae ). The scope of family is not secured. In the present form of the family could be in view of the paraphyletisch Aspleniaceae, the Blechnaceae Onocleaceae and the Thelypteridaceae. Neither this possible paraphyly nor monophyly of the family are sufficiently protected.

Smith et al. 2006 among the Woodsiaceae also the types of some authors regarded as independent families Athyriaceae and Cystopteridaceae. Within the scope of Smith et al. The family includes about 15 genera with about 700 species, of which 85 per cent to the two genera Athyrium and Diplazium count.

The Woodsiaceae contains the old extent of 2006, about 16 genera, here with species richness and distribution:

  • Acystopteris Nakai: The only three species occur in East Asia.
  • Anisocampium C.Presl ( Syn: Kuniwatsukia Pichi Sermolli, Microchlaena Ching non Wight & Arnott ): The approximately four species are widespread tropical and subtropical regions in Southeast Asia and temperate regions in eastern Asia. All four species occur in China.
  • Mrs Ferns ( Athyrium Roth): The approximately 220 species thrive mainly in the temperate and subtropical areas mountain forests. In China, at least 123 species are before, 69 of them only there.
  • Cheilanthopsis Hieron. The only three species in the Himalayas in India, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar and China widespread. All three species occur in China, one of them only there.
  • Cornopteris Nakai ( Syn: Neoathyrium Ching & ZRWang ): The approximately 16 species are distributed mainly in tropical and subtropical Asia. In China, twelve species occur, six of them only there.
  • Bladder ferns ( Cystopteris Bernh. ): It contains about 23 species of which occur in Europe six.
  • Deparia Hook. & Grev. ( Syn: Athyriopsis Ching, Ching Dictyodroma, Dryoathyrium Ching, Lunathyrium Koidzumi, Parathyrium Holttum, Triblemma Ching. ): The approximately 70 species are mainly in tropical and temperate regions of Asia, tropical Africa and Madagascar common, some species extend to Japan, Korea, eastern Russia and in the northwestern Himalayas. In China, 53 species have been recorded, 31 of them only there.
  • Diplaziopsis C.Chr. The eight species are widespread in East Asia and Polynesia.
  • Diplazium Sw. (. Syn: Allantodia R.Br., Anisogonium C.Presl, Callipteris Bory, Monomelangium Hayata ): The 300 to 400 species are distributed mainly in tropical and subtropical regions around the world; some species occur in warm temperate and temperate areas or sub-alpine altitudes. In China, there are 86 species, 29 of which only there.
  • Oak fern ( Gymnocarpium Newman; including Currania Copel. ): It contains about seven species.
  • Hemidictyum C.Presl: it contains only one type: Hemidictyum marginatum (L.) C.Presl: It is distributed in the Neotropics.
  • Homalosorus pycnocarpos ( Spreng. ) Pic. Serm. It occurs in North America.
  • Protowoodsia manchuriensis ( Hook. ) Ching: It occurs in China, Korea, Japan and Russia.

Documents

  • Alan R. Smith, Kathleen M. Pryer, Eric Schuettpelz, Petra coral, Harald Schneider, Paul G. Wolf: A classification for extant ferns. In: taxon. Volume 55, No. 3, 2006, ISSN 0040-0262, pp. 705-731, Abstract, PDF file.
  • Zhang Gangmin, Masahiro Kato, Alexandr Shmakov: Woodsiaceae. In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China. Volume 2-3: Lycopodiaceae through Polypodiaceae, Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis, 2013, ISBN 978-1-935641-11-7, pp. 397
  • Zhongren Wang, He Zhaorong, Masahiro Kato: Athyriaceae. In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China. Volume 2-3: Lycopodiaceae through Polypodiaceae, Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis, 2013, ISBN 978-1-935641-11-7, pp. 418
Leptosporangiate fern Cystopteris alpina Anastomosis
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