Gymnocarpium dryopteris
Oak fern ( Gymnocarpium dryopteris )
The oak fern ( Gymnocarpium dryopteris ) is a native of Central Europe fern of the family of Woodsiaceae. In many works, he is still out in the family of Wurmfarngewächse or Schildfarngewächse.
Description
The oak fern is a perennial, herbaceous plant with a long, thin, creeping rhizome. The plant reaches a height of 10 to 40 centimeters.
The petiole and the leaf stem are drüsenlos. The leaf blade is hairy light green, thin and hairless or sparsely glandular. The lamina consists of three to five Hauptfiedern.
The chromosome number is 2n = 160
Ecology
The oak fern is a rhizome - Geophyt, which grows mostly in larger herds. The spores spread as granules flyer on the wind. Spore maturation period is from July to August.
Vegetative propagation is via the rhizome.
Occurrence
The oak fern has a circumpolar complex with meridional / montane to arctic distribution at subozeanischer tint. In Germany and Austria, the species is common.
The oak fern grows especially in shady, acidophilous forests of the submontane to subalpine altitudinal zone, but also occurs in the lowlands and on the coast.
Taxonomy
The oak fern was first published in 1753 by Carolus Linnaeus in Species Plantarum under the basionym Polypodium L. dryopteris. He was asked by Edward Newman in the genus Gymnocarpium in 1851 and received his recognized species names Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) NEWM. Other synonyms are:
- Thelypteris dryopteris (L.) Sloss.
- Phegopteris dryopteris (L.) Fée
- Dryopteris disjuncta ( Rupr. ) C.V.Morton
- Nephrodium dryopteris (L.) Michx.
- Lastrea dryopteris (L.) Bory
- Dryopteris Linnaeana C.Chr.