Yale First Nation

The Yale First Nation is a First Nations, as the Indians of Canada are called. They live on the lower Fraser in British Columbia, near and at Yale. They include, in October 2012, 158 accredited members. In December 2007, there were 144

The Yale Puchil speak the dialect of the Nlaka'pamux.

History

Early History

Already in the Milliken - phase (7500-6000 BC) can be detected human traces and Yale is one of the earliest localities for the history of the coastal Salish. The subsequent Mazama phase (6000-4500 BC) is tangible. The region is the boundary between the cultural environments of the coastal population and the Plateau residents. In particular, the Sto: Lo subjected to the Fraser upstream and started there, especially salmon.

The indigenous people belong to two groups, the Tait and the Thompson or Nlaka'pamux. The former belong to the language group of the Halkomelem, the latter spoke N'Laka'pamuxcin. They are more closely related to the groups of Lytton, Boston Bar and Merritt. Nevertheless, the five groups of Spuzzum and Tait at Yale are closely related to each other. The families are each based on an ancestor. These are Pelek, Liquitum, Chapman, Charlie and Bobbs.

Fort, gold discoveries, Railway Boom

On behalf of the Hudson 's Bay Company, a fort was founded by Ovid Allard and first performed. Allard named the fort after his superiors and later Chief Factor of the Columbia District James Murray Yale.

The fort was immediately before further north of the Fraser Canyon extends. Beyond this point, the river was impassable because there rises a huge boulder, which Lady Franklin skirt. The city, however, was even accessible to steamboats. Your highest population - during the Fraser Canyon War of 1858 - is likely to have reached about 15,000, but usually lived just 5 to 8,000 people here. These prospectors trying to keep under control the government. A gunboat on the Fraser River forced the fees for boat and ship licenses from all who wanted the river. Between Fort Langley and Fort Yale studied over 10,000 men for gold. The men came here to continue to migrate northwards, in the Cariboo region. At Yale, the so-called Cariboo Wagon Road began. The wagon trail led over Barkerville, Lytton, Ashcroft and Quesnel, then on to Williams Creek. Governor James Douglas took on huge loans to finance these road constructions in order to remain independent of the United States. In the early 1870s they built an overland route to New Westminster, now known as Old Yale Road. Shortly before the opening of railway construction was in these years, the Dewdney Trunk Road after Hatzic, east of Mission City.

The construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway was the place to the headquarters of the Railway Contractors Andrew Onderdonk (1848-1905), which gave the city a new boom. The railway made ​​Yale from 1885 to a destination for people from Vancouver. But when the railroad was completed this year, ended the construction boom. It was only in 1922 began the construction of a new road link, the Cariboo Highway. Again, the road was the main overland connection between the plateau and the coast. Following the expansion in the fifties was in the eighties of the Coquihalla Highway.

Reserves

The reserves that were assigned to them in 1878, today comprises 16 reserves have together have an area of ​​224 ha. The extremely fragmented reserves are located in the Yale District and include:

  • 4 1/2 Mile 2 on the right bank of the Fraser River, 3 miles northeast of Yale, 4,3 ha
  • Albert Flat 5 ditto, 3 m south of Yale, 52.3 ha
  • Kaykipe 7 on the left bank at the mouth of the Fraser Keikum Creek, 10 ha
  • Lukseetsissum 9 on the right bank of the Fraser, at the Ruby Creek CP Station, 53.9 ha
  • Qualark 4 on the left bank at the mouth of Qualark Creek, 10 ha
  • Squeah 6 ditto, at the mouth of Suka Creek, 16.8 ha
  • Stullawheets 8 on the right bank, at Choate CP Station, 52.6 ha
  • Yale 18 is an island in the river at the height of Kuthlalth, 1.5 m eastern Yale, 0,7 ha
  • Yale 19 on the left bank, north and Kuthlalth, 0,7 ha
  • Yale 20 ditto, at the mouth of a stream 2 m above Yale, 5,6 ha
  • Yale 21 ditto, northern mouth of the Siwa Creek, 1.3 ha
  • Yale 22 on the right bank, 3 m north of Yale, including a cemetery and a claimed Billy Swallsea rock, 3,4 ha
  • Yale 23 ditto, 3 m north of Yale, 5,6 ha
  • Yale 24 ditto, 0.2 ha
  • Yale 25 on the left bank, 3 m north of Yale, 0,3 ha
  • Yale Town 1 on the right bank at Yale, 6,4 ha

In October 2012 attended by the 158 recognized Yale 55 in their own reserve, 12 in other reserves and 91 outside. Most lived in Yale Town 1

Contract negotiations

The Yale took in April 1994, negotiations with the province in order to arrive at a contract. 2005 and 2006, they came to a landmark Agreement ( Agreement in Principle ), which the tribe entered Phase 5 of the six-stage treaty Procederes. These stages are part of the so-called BC Treaty Process. On 5 February 2010 the Yale reached the final stage of negotiations. The treaty country includes the 224 ha of the reserve and 1,749 ha of crown land. In addition, a transfer power of 10.7 million dollars. The ratification is still pending.

Yale (British Columbia) Halkomelem language Lytton (British Columbia) Merritt (British Columbia) Cariboo Gold Rush Barkerville (British Columbia) Ashcroft (British Columbia) Quesnel (British Columbia) James Douglas (governor) History of British Columbia
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