Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge
41.20277777777829.111388888889Koordinaten: 41 ° 12 '10 " N, 29 ° 6' 41" E
F1
Northern Marmara Motorway
Bosphorus
The Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge (Turkish Yavuz Sultan Selim Köprüsü ) should span as a third bridge over the Bosphorus in Istanbul. On May 29, 2013, the cornerstone was laid. The future bridge is named after the Ottoman Sultan Selim I, Yavuz Sultan Selim also called ( German Sultan Selim, the stern or the Cruel ). The First Bosphorus Bridge was opened in 1973; the second Bosphorus Bridge ( " Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge " ) was opened in 1988.
The combined highway and railway bridge is a part of the highway project Kuzey Marmara Otoyolu (North Marmara Motorway, in the international construction industry known as the Northern Marmara Motorway ) that the coming of Edirne motorway O-3 / E 80 with the outgoing Ankara motorway O- 4 / e 80 and connect the actual city of Istanbul will deal in a wide arc to the north.
Location
The Third Bosphorus Bridge, as it was known to the groundbreaking ceremony will cross the Bosporus at its northern exit around the villages Garipce on the western and Poyraz on the eastern side and the great northern Istanbul's districts Sariyer on the European side of the Bosphorus and Beykoz on connect the Asian side. It is far to the north are the two existing bridges over the strait, the Bosphorus Bridge and the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge.
Description
The Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge is a combined suspension and cable-stayed bridge with two A-shaped, 320 m high pylons. The 59 meter wide road carrier is in the middle have a two-track railway line for high -speed trains, which is laterally flanked by the two four-lane carriageways in each case the highway. After the sketches and computer animation to judge both two supporting cables and stay cables are attached to the pylons. The hangers of the ropes are attached directly next to the railroad tracks, while the stay cables are mounted on the outer edges of the road carrier. With 1408 -meter wingspan, it will be the railway bridge with the longest span in the world.
The design of the bridge goes back to Michel Virlogeux who had an aversion to a two-tier bridge with a 15 m high road carrier. Since the 59- m very wide deck slab distortions must be eliminated, he returned to the Applied by John August Roebling at the Brooklyn Bridge Concept to stiffen a suspension bridge with cable-stays. The design of the bridge is carried out under the direction of Jean -Francois Klein by the Swiss engineering firm T ingénierie with advice from Michel Virlogeux.
The contract for the construction, operation and maintenance and the eventual transfer ( BOT model: build, operate, transfer ) received a consisting of IC Ictas, Turkey and Astaldi, Italy workgroup. After a construction period of 36 months is provided to which an operating time of 10 years and 2 months followed. At the end of this time the bridge is to be transferred in a defined state to the Turkish state. Astaldi mentioned on its website but a concession period of a little more than 10 years, including the 3- year construction period.
About the cost of very different precautions. You are expected to amount to 3.5 billion euros, or 2.5 billion U.S. dollars and 4.5 billion U.S. dollars, which is not surprising, since such information is only useful in particular for BOT models when precisely describes which costs are meant.
History
The project should start earlier, but in the first submission deadline on January 10, 2012 There is no offer has been submitted, apparently due to lack of project financing. It was only on 31 October 2012 the contract was awarded.
The construction should have immediately begun then, anyway, was one of the great pylon foundations already far advanced on May 29, 2013, the anniversary of the conquest of Constantinople Opel, officially laid the foundation stone in the presence of President Abdullah Gul, in accompanied by his wife Emine Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and numerous other high-ranking personalities was celebrated. Here, President Gül announced the new name of the bridge. Prime Minister Erdoğan certain in his speech that the opening of the bridge was to be two years later on 29 May 2015.
Criticism
The bridge and the highway project have long been controversial. There has been criticism that the traffic congestion on the two existing bridges by the bridge standing far away in the north would not be reduced because of the long-distance transport in the city area only play a minor role. The motorway destroy forests, which are indispensable for the drinking water supply of Istanbul.
On the naming of the bridge there is criticism, especially of Alevis, because they make Selim I responsible for the massacre of its population in the course of Alevitenverfolgung in the Ottoman Empire. The head of the construction company was trying to appease that the bridge of the population 'm called in practice in the future only third Bosphorus Bridge.