Yugoslav Radio Television
The article deals with the radio and television broadcasting history of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia.
History
As the first radio station Radio Yugoslavia took Zagreb on 15 May 1926 on the transmission mode. Initially operated privately, he was nationalized in 1940. On the 30th anniversary of the establishment (May 15, 1956) began with the broadcast of the first Yugoslav television program.
Radio Ljubljana launched on 28 October 1928, a radio program, since November 28, 1958, a television program aired. The television news programs were first taken from Belgrade, from 15 April 1968 Slovenian own language news program was broadcast. As a regional program of RTV Ljubljana In 1971 TV Koper / Koper on the air, the Slovenian and Italian bilingual broadcast and enjoyed great popularity in Italy. Italian company built on transmitters, who took over the program from Koper and also be received in remote regions of Koper made .
On 24 March 1929, the transmission mode of Radio Belgrade started after there had been some test broadcasts since 1924. After an interruption caused by the Second World War, the transmission operation was resumed in 1944. On August 23, 1958 was added in a television program. On December 31, 1971, the second television program came about, was sent with the from the start for the first time in Yugoslavia in color. A third channel with programs for children was launched on 1 July 1989.
On March 8, 1936 Yugoslavia began with short-wave broadcasts. During the Second World War, the program " Slobodna Jugoslavia " (Free Yugoslavia) sent from Ufa ( Soviet Union). After 1945 operating Radio Belgrade a shortwave program since February 2, 1978 broadcast on shortwave radio Jugoslavia.
With Radio Dubrovnik began in 1944, the first municipal radio stations.
Radio Pristina sent in 1944, the television program of RTV Pristina started in 1975.
Radio Skopje started broadcasting on 28 December 1944, the live transmission of a meeting of the Anti-Fascist Council of the People's Liberation of Macedonia. On December 14, 1964 was added in a television program.
Sarajevo radio started broadcasting on 10 April 1945 a television program in 1969 to do so.
Radio Titograd went into operation in 1949, a television program followed in 1971.
Radio Novi Sad started in 1949; a TV program there was from 1975.
On May 15, 1989, he in Belgrade, the private radio station B92 in operation, which was part of the Milošević era of the few non-state media.
Since 23 October 1990 there were in Sarajevo the TV YUTEL which aired as a counterweight to the now- nationalist oriented transmitters of the individual republics a one-hour newscast.
Only after the dissolution of Yugoslavia was 1994, the television station RTV Pink in operation; it has its headquarters in Belgrade, but also operates programs for Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and has individual programs for Croatia in the program so therefore covers large parts of the former Yugoslavia from. Also, the music channel which was founded in Ljubljana in 2005 MTV Adria and the news channel founded in 2011, Al Jazeera Balkans, based in Sarajevo are designed as a broadcaster for the entire territory of the former Yugoslavia.
Organization
In Yugoslavia there were eight broadcasting organizations ( one for each republic and province ), which had 1952 Jugoslovenska / Jugoslavenska Radiotelevizija ( JRT ) together. Mid -1980s, there were specified in the table number of programs.
There were also some local radio programs, they were broadcasting usually 2 to 3 hours a day, a regional program in the remaining time a radio program the transmitter of the Republic or province. Conversely, information programs of local radio programs have been adopted by the Republic Of or provincial programs.
The "Radio Jugoslavia " sending program on shortwave broadcasts brought in ten languages (including German ) and programs for expatriate Yugoslavs.
Reception
Long-wave transmitters were not operated in Yugoslavia.
After the entry into force of the Geneva wave plan in 1978 Yugoslavia used for medium- wave broadcasting ( in addition to numerous short-range transmitters ) the following frequencies:
With the exception of the program Titograd, which was covered by a transmitting on the same frequency channel from the GDR, the other programs in southern Germany and Austria were receivable at night, Belgrade and Zagreb were probably also be received up to the north of Germany. Apparently, the frequencies are for the most part continue to be used by the successors of these programs.
For the reception in the domestic FM stations were mainly used.
Radio Jugoslavia used mainly shortwave frequencies 6100, 7240 and 9620 kHz.
The Yugoslav television programs were broadcast in PAL format on UHF and VHF frequencies.
TV shows
The main news was broadcast TV Dnevnik and was broadcast from August 23, 1958 ( first broadcast by RTV Beograd ) daily by 20 clock, 1974 at 19:30 clock.
A popular television series was Profesor Baltazar ( animated series from 1967 to 1971 ), which was produced for the Yugoslav television and was also shown in foreign TV channels (including Scandinavian States and Iran). Other achievements include the live action series for children The Red Zora and her gang and Sinji Galeb ( The Blue Gull ), which were also broadcasted several times in Germany. Great popularity among the children enjoyed the series Špiro Špula zlatna nit and Jelenko (TV Zagreb), Branko Kockica and Kolariću Paniću (TV Beograd ) and Muzički tobogan (TV Novi Sad ).
TV Zagreb had at the rate Kviskoteka broadcast, moderated by Oliver Mlakar ( born 1935 ), a hit for years in the program. On TV series TV with Naše malo misto could Zagreb (1969 ), Kapetan Mikula Mali, Kapelski kresovi (1974) and Velo misto ( 1979-1980 ) celebrate successes. Zagreb TV had broadcast Jadranski susreti (1970-1980) (comparable to " Game Without Borders ").
TV Beograd lured with the very popular series Folkparada which Zlata Petkovic (born 1954 ), Predrag Gojković " Cune " (* 1932) and Predrag Zivkovic - " Tozovac " (* 1936) has been moderated. Equally popular were the quiz shows of Mica Orlović (* 1934). Cult were the series of TV Belgrade. Particular mention Pozorište u kući (1972-1981), Bolji život ( A Better Life, 1987-1990), Zikina Dinastija (1985 ), Vruć are vetar, Grlom u jagode, ' Kamiondžije and many others. The animal documentaries, TV Beograd, from the series Svet koji nestaje are unsurpassed ( A world that disappears) by Petar Lalović (* 1932).
From 1984, beamed TV Sarajevo from the popular comedy show "Top lista nadrealista " ( Hit Parade of the Surrealists ) that involved among other things, members of the band Zabranjeno Pusenje.
The Yugoslav television participated in international TV formats, such as
- ( Euro Vision Song Contest) Pesma Evrovizije or Pjesma Eurovizije, Slovenian name: pesem Evrovizije, 1961; the Yugoslav post was determined in a preliminary round, which was under the name Jugovizija annually from another Yugoslav republic, transferred. Yugoslavia was the only socialist country that has participated in the ESC.
- San Remo Festival
- Igre bez granica ( Games without frontiers ), 1978-1982, 1990
Use
Of the registered 4.5 million radio and television 4.0 million users a license fee has been collected, the (1984 ) accounted for 88 % of the revenue of the JRT - transmitter, the remaining revenues were mainly generated through advertising.
As in many other southern European countries it was common in Yugoslavia that the TV runs many hours a day as background music, even if nobody's looking.